Habitual Running Style Matters: Duty Factor, and Not Stride Frequency, Relates to Loading Magnitude.

Running style is temporally defined by a duty factor and stride frequency and believed to be related to the loading experienced during ever step. However, the exact relationship between both temporal variables and loading magnitude is still unknown. We aimed to identify the relationship between a duty factor and stride frequency with external load measures, joint reaction forces and joint moments.

Learning effects in over-ground running gait retraining: A six-month follow-up of a quasi-randomized controlled trial.

This study evaluated learning and recall effects following a feedback-based retraining program. A 6-month follow-up of a quasi-randomized controlled trial was performed with and without recall. Twenty runners were assigned to experimental or control groups and completed a 3-week running program.

Peak Muscle and Joint Contact Forces of Running with Increased Duty Factors.

Purpose: Running with increased duty factors (DF) has been shown to effectively reduce external forces during running. In this study, we investigated whether running with increased DF (INCR) also reduces internal musculoskeletal loading measures, defined as peak muscle forces, muscle force impulses, and peak joint contact forces compared with a runners' preferred running pattern (PREF).

Method: Ten subjects were instructed to run with increased DF at 2.

Biomechanical adaptations following a music-based biofeedback gait retraining program to reduce peak tibial accelerations.

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine whether runners can reduce impact measures after a six-session in-the-field gait retraining program with real-time musical biofeedback on axial peak tibial acceleration (PTA ) and identify the associated biomechanical adaptations.

Methods: Twenty trained high-impact runners were assigned to either the biofeedback or the music-only condition. The biofeedback group received real-time feedback on the PTA during the gait retraining program, whereas the music-only condition received a sham treatment.

Relationship between duty factor and external forces in slow recreational runners.

Objectives: Recreational runners show a large interindividual variation in spatiotemporal characteristics. This research focused on slow runners and intended: (1) to document the variance in duty factor (DF) between runners in a real-life running setting and (2) examine whether the interindividual variation in DF and stride frequency (SF) relates to differences in external loading parameters between runners.

Methods: Spatiotemporal characteristics of 23 slow runners (ie, <2.

Grounded Running Reduces Musculoskeletal Loading.

Purpose: Recent observations demonstrate that a sizeable proportion of the recreational running population runs at rather slow speeds and does not always show a clear flight phase. This study determined the key biomechanical and physiological characteristics of this running pattern, i.e.