AAV2-mediated ABD-FGF21 gene delivery produces a sustained anti-hyperglycemic effect in type 2 diabetic mouse.

Background: Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) is a naturally occurring peptide hormone involved in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism, and it shows promise as a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the short half-life and poor pharmacokinetics of native FGF21 limit its efficacy in reducing hyperglycemia in vivo. Therefore, maintaining stable and sustained blood concentrations of FGF21 is crucial for its role as an effective regulator of glycolipid metabolism in vivo.

Thermoanalytical and Kinetic Studies for the Thermal Stability of Emerging Pharmaceutical Pollutants Under Different Heating Rates.

Emerging pharmaceutical pollutants like ciprofloxacin (CIP) and ibuprofen (IBU) are frequently detected in aquatic environments, posing risks to ecosystems and human health. Since pollutants rarely exist alone in the environment, understanding the thermal stability and degradation kinetics of these compounds, especially in mixtures, is crucial for developing effective removal strategies. This study therefore investigates the thermal stability and degradation kinetics of CIP and IBU, under different heating rates.

Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in industrial soils from northwestern of China: occurrence, distribution, exposure risk, and implications on risk-based controls.

Some Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PACs) such as nitrated-PAHs (NPAHs), oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs) and methyl-PAHs (MPAHs) have attracted significant concern due to derivatives have greater potential to be more toxic at low environmental concentrations compared to their PPAHs, particularly in petrochemical industrial region and its surrounding areas surface soils in China. Hence, this article provides an insight into the fate, sources, impacts, and relevance to the external environment of PAH-derivatives based on important emissions source. Moreover, prospective health risk due to their exposure has also been discussed.

Polymethoxylated flavonoids in citrus fruits: absorption, metabolism, and anticancer mechanisms against breast cancer.

Polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs) are a subclass of flavonoids found in citrus fruits that have shown multifunctional biological activities and potential anticancer effects against breast cancer. We studied the absorption, metabolism, species source, toxicity, anti-cancer mechanisms, and molecular targets of PMFs to better utilize their anticancer activity against breast cancer. We discuss the absorption and metabolism of PMFs in the body, including the methylation, demethylation, and hydroxylation processes.

Physicochemical Characterization and Oxidative Potential of Iron-Containing Particles Emitted from Xuanwei Coal Combustion.

Respiratory diseases have been proven to be directly related to air pollutants. Xuanwei, located in South China, has been known to have the highest mortality rate for lung cancer in China because of the air pollutants emitted through local coal combustion. However, the mechanism of lung cancer induced by air pollutants is not clear.

Low-Profile Dual-Band Reflector Antenna for High-Frequency Applications.

A high-gain low-profile reflector antenna with dual-band radiation ability is presented in this paper. The antenna achieves a relative 2 dB gain bandwidth of 10% around , and a relative 2 dB gain bandwidth of 20%, around , where and are the center operating frequencies of the frequency bands of 29.4~32.

Preliminary characterization and probabilistic risk assessment of microplastics and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in garri (cassava flake), a common staple food consumed in West Africa.

Garri from cassava is one of the most consumed foods in West Africa, hence this research was conducted to examine microplastics (MPs) and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in garri from Nigeria (West Africa) and Japan. This is the first investigation on MPs in garri samples that has been reported in the literature. The study analyzed both packaged and unpackaged vended garri samples using microscopic/spectroscopic and X-ray fluorescence techniques for MPs and PTEs respectively.

Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China.

The highest incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer in rural area of Fuyuan has been a research hotspot, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Therefore, atmospheric particulate matters (APMs) samples were collected between 18 February and 01 March 2017, exploring water-soluble potentially toxic metals (WSPTMs) and water-soluble inorganic ionic species (WSIIs) levels, size distribution, sources, acidity and alkalinity, and potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, hoping to provide scientific basic data to solve this problem. In our study, the average ratio of nitrate ion (NO)/sulfate ion (SO) within PM, PM, PM, PM, and PM were 0.

Novel Approaches for Inhibiting the Indoor Allergen Der f 2 Excreted from House Dust Mites by Todomatsu Oil Produced from Woodland Residues.

House dust mite (HDM) is a globally ubiquitous domestic cause of allergic diseases. There is a pressing demand to discover efficient, harmless, and eco-friendly natural extracts to inhibit HDM allergens that are more likely to trigger allergies and challenging to be prevented entirely. This study, therefore, is aimed at assessing the inhibition of the allergenicity of major HDM allergen Der f 2 by todomatsu oil extracted from residues of .

Comparison of the characterization of allergenic protein 3 (Pla a3) released from pollen grains collected in Shanghai during the spring of 2019 and 2020.

Unlabelled: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, large-scale industrial production has been stagnant and reduced, the urban air quality has been greatly improved. It provided an excellent opportunity to explore the effects of air pollutants on the sensitization of pollen allergen proteins in the environment. pollen grains sampled in the spring of 2019 and 2020 were used for detailed characterization and analysis.

Characterization of allergenicity of Platanus pollen allergen a 3 (Pla a 3) after exposure to NO and O.

Pollen allergens, widely present in the atmosphere, are the main cause of seasonal respiratory diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Although previous studies have reported that nitrogen dioxide (NO) and ozone (O) promote pollen allergy, the specific biological processes and underlying mechanisms remain less understood. In this study, Platanus pollen grains were exposed to gaseous pollutants (NO and O).

Ambient particulate matter-associated autophagy alleviates pulmonary inflammation induced by Platanus pollen protein 3 (Pla3).

Subpollen particles (SPPs) with diameter less than 1 mm released from allergenic pollen grains contain allergens could trigger asthma and lung inflammation after being inhaled. In the meaning time, ambient fine particles attached on the pollen grains could have further effects on the inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying these phenomena have not been fully elucidated.

Relationships between chemical elements of PM and O in Shanghai atmosphere based on the 1-year monitoring observation.

Mass level of fine particles (PM) in main cities in China has decreased significantly in recent years due to implementation of Chinese Clean Air Action Plan since 2013, however, O pollution is getting worse than before, especially in megacities such as in Shanghai. In this work, O and PM were continuously monitored from May 27, 2018 to March 31, 2019. Our data showed that the annual average concentration of PM and O (O-8 hr, maximum 8-hour moving average of ozone days) was 39.

Studies on relationships between air pollutants and allergenicity of Humulus Scandens pollen collected from different areas of Shanghai.

Pollen pollution and allergy are becoming prominent issues in China. However, few studies on pollinosis have been reported. As an allergen in the atmosphere, allergenic Humulus scandens pollen was collected from four districts of Shanghai, including Wusong (WS), Jiading (JD), Xujiahui (XJH) and Songjiang (SJ).

Soluble Fe release from iron-bearing clay mineral particles in acid environment and their oxidative potential.

Soluble iron from atmospheric aerosol particles has toxicological effects on ambient environment due to their oxidative potential. However, the dissolution process and factors affecting this process are poorly understood. In this study, by solid phase characterization and aqueous dissolution experiments, we investigated the influence of acids, including HCl, HSO and HNO, and H concentration on iron dissolution rate, solubility and speciation of iron in chlorite, illite, kaolinite and pyrite.

Ratiometric fluorogenic determination of endogenous hypochlorous acid in living cells.

Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is one of the most important ROS (reactive oxygen species) and common pollutant in tap-water. However, the determination of HClO with fast response and high sensitivity/selectivity is still an urgent demanding. Here we fabricated a ratiometric fluorescent probe RC based on TBET (through-bond energy transfer) on the platform of coumarin and rhodamine with the thiosemicarbazide group as the linker.

Subpollens delivery of Platanus acerifolia pollen allergen Pla a3 and nucleic acid into lungs and cells.

Pollen allergy is a very serious seasonal respiratory disease. However, there has been a lack of understanding how pollen allergens enter the body and act on cells. This study focused on the release, transport and characteristic of Pla a3 allergen of the Platanus acerifolia pollen.

Atmospheric HULIS and its ability to mediate the reactive oxygen species (ROS): A review.

Atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS) are not only an unresolved mixture of macro-organic compounds but also powerful chelating agents in atmospheric particulate matters (PMs); impacting on both the properties of aerosol particles and health effects by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Currently, the interests of HULIS are intensively shifting to the investigations of HULIS-metal synergic effects and kinetics modeling studies, as well as the development of HULIS quantification, findings of possible HULIS sources and generation of ROS from HULIS. In light of HULIS studies, we comprehensively review the current knowledge of isolation and physicochemical characterization of HULIS from atmospheric samples as well as HULIS properties (hygroscopic, surface activity, and colloidal) and possible sources of HULIS.

[Species of Iron in Size-resolved Particle Emitted from Xuanwei Coal Combustion and Their Oxidative Potential].

Many reports have claimed that high lung cancer mortality rate in Xuanwei is associated with the residential coal combustion. Considering iron is the main chemical element in the particles emitted from Xuanwei coal combustion, and especially, reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be generated by redox-active transition metals (TM) such as iron (Fe) in particles, therefore, raw coal samples from 4 coal mines in Xuanwei were sampled, and size-resolved particles emitted from the raw coal samples were collected by using of Andersen Five-stage High Volume Sampler. Species of iron in the raw coal sample, size-resolved particles and bottom ashes were analyzed by BCR sequential extraction method (community bureau of reference, BCR).

Magnetic, geochemical characterization and health risk assessment of road dust in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, China.

As an accumulation of solid organic and inorganic pollutant particles on outdoor ground surfaces, road dust is an important carrier of heavy metal contaminants and can be a valuable medium for characterizing urban environmental quality. Because the dusts can be an important source of atmospheric particles and take impact on human health, the aim of this study described in detail the mineralogical characteristics, morphology, and heavy metal content of road dust from Xuanwei and Fuyuan, locations with high lung cancer incidence. Our results show that the average concentrations of heavy metals in road dust were higher than their background values.

Allergenicity of recombinant Humulus japonicus pollen allergen 1 after combined exposure to ozone and nitrogen dioxide.

Ozone (O) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) are thought to play primary roles in aggravating air pollution-induced health problems. However, the effects of joint O/NO on the allergenicity of pollen allergens are unclear. Humulus japonicus pollen allergen 1 (Hum j1) is a profilin protein that causes widespread pollinosis in eastern Asia.

Single particle aerosol mass spectrometry of coal combustion particles associated with high lung cancer rates in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, China.

Coal combustion particles (CCPs) are linked to the high incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei and in Fuyuan, China, but studies on the chemical composition of the CCPs are still limited. Single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) was recently developed to measure the chemical composition and size of single particles in real-time. In this study, SPAMS was used to measure individual combustion particles emitted from Xuanwei and Fuyuan coal samples and the results were compared with those by ICP-MS and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).