A tentative model for (D)-glucose turnover in human saliva.

Objective: The aim of the present study is to propose a tentative model for d-glucose turnover in human saliva. The whole saliva and the saliva from parotid and submandibular/sublingual glands were collected by use of the Salivette™.

Results: The saliva glucose concentration was measured by the hexokinase method, saliva bacteria glycolysis by use of d-[5-(3)H] glucose, and the saliva ATP content by the luciferase method.

Glenohumeral joint tuberculosis with multiple cold abscesses: an uncommon cause of shoulder pain.

The musculoskeletal system involvement of tuberculosis (TB) other than spinal TB is a rare and less-known entity. Furthermore symptoms of musculoskeletal involvement of TB infection are non-specific, relatively slow and indolent. The diagnosis of TB is less considered by clinicians among other common causes of shoulder pain including traumatic and degenerative conditions.

Obestatin alleviates subarachnoid haemorrhage-induced oxidative injury in rats via its anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects.

Objective: The aim was to investigate the putative anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect of obestatin in a rat model of subarachnoidal haemorrhage (SAH).

Methods: To induce SAH, rats were injected with 0.3 mL blood into their cisterna magna.

D-glucose‑ and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose-induced upregulation of selected genes in rat hepatocytes and INS1E cells: re‑evaluation of the possible role of hexose phosphorylation.

The biochemical events involved in the upregulation of selected glucose‑responsive genes by 3‑O‑methyl‑D‑glucose (3‑MG) remain to be elucidated. The present study mainly aimed to re‑evaluate the possible role of 3‑MG phosphorylation in the upregulation of the thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) and liver pyruvate kinase (LPK) genes in rat hepatocytes and INS1E cells. TXNIP and LPK transcription was assessed in rat liver and INS1E cells exposed to a rise in D‑glucose concentration, 2‑deoxy‑D‑glucose (2‑DG), 3‑MG and, when required, D‑mannoheptulose.

Comparison of visual acuity, refractive results and complications of femtosecond laser with mechanical microkeratome in LASIK.

Aim: To compare the outcomes of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) performed with a femtosecond laser (Femtec, Technolas Perfect Vision GmbH, Germany) versus a mechanical microkeratome (Hansatome, Bausch and Lomb, USA) for the correction of myopia and astigmatism.

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients who had undergone LASIK using the 80-kHz Femtec femtosecond laser were compared to age- and refraction-matched patients in whom the Hansatome microkeratome was used. Refractive and visual results 1 month and 3 months postoperatively, and complication rates were compared between the two groups.

Immunocytochemistry of GLUT2, uptake of fluorescent desnitroso-streptozotocin analogs and phosphorylation of D-glucose in INS-1E cells.

The non-invasive imaging of GLUT2-expressing cells remains a challenge. As streptozotocin, and similarly alloxan, may be transported into cells by GLUT2, the major aim of the present study was to assess the possible use of fluorescent desnitroso-streptozotocin analogs for in vitro labeling of GLUT2-expressing cells. INS-1E cells, human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells, rat isolated pancreatic islets, rat hepatic cells, rat exocrine pancreatic cells and tumoral insulin-producing BRIN-BD11 cells were incubated in the presence of two distinct fluorescent desnitroso-streptozotocin analogs, probes A and B.

Transplant renal artery stenosis secondary to mechanical compression from polycystic kidney disease: A case report.

Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is a potentially treatable cause of allograft dysfunction, hypertension and graft loss. The mainstay of treatment includes angioplasty and endovascular stenting, although observation and surgery are at times indicated. We present an unusual case of TRAS secondary to mechanical compression from a patient's enlarged native polycystic kidneys.

Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and pro-apoptosis activity of etodolac hydrazide derivatives as anticancer agents.

Etodolac hydrazide and a novel series of etodolac hydrazide-hydrazones 3-15 and etodolac 4-thiazolidinones 16-26 were synthesized in this study. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectral (FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, HREI-MS) methods. Some selected compounds were determined at one dose toward the full panel of 60 human cancer cell lines by the National Cancer Institute (NCI, Bethesda, USA).

Phytochemical screening and free radical scavenging activity of Citrullus colocynthis seeds extracts.

Objective: To study the phytochemical screening of different extracts from Citrullus colocynthis (C. colocynthis ) seeds extracts and to assess their antioxidant activity on the DPPH free radical scavenging.

Methods: Phytochemical screening, total content of polyphenols and flavonoids of C.

Synthesis and characterization of celecoxib derivatives as possible anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-HCV agents.

A series of novel N-(3-substituted aryl/alkyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamides 2a-e were synthesized by the addition of ethyl a-bromoacetate and anhydrous sodium acetate in dry ethanol to N-(substituted aryl/alkylcarbamothioyl)-4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoro-methyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzene sulfonamides 1a-e, which were synthesized by the reaction of alkyl/aryl isothiocyanates with celecoxib. The structures of the isolated products were determined by spectral methods and their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activities evaluated. The compounds were also tested for gastric toxicity and selected compound 1a was screened for its anticancer activity against 60 human tumor cell lines.

Beneficial effects of quercetin on rat urinary bladder after spinal cord injury.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to an inflammatory response and generates oxidative stress, which has deleterious effects on the function of several organ systems, including the urinary bladder. The present study was designed to investigate the putative beneficial effect of quercetin against SCI-induced bladder damage.

Materials And Methods: In order to induce SCI, a standard weight-drop method that induced a moderately severe injury (100 g/cm force) at T10 was used.

Interaction between cAMP, volume‑regulated anion channels and the Na+‑HCO3‑‑cotransporter, NBCe1, in the regulation of nutrient‑ and hypotonicity‑induced insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islets and tumoral insulin‑producing BRIN‑BD11 cells.

Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) has been hypothesized to play a role in insulin secretion. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction between adenosine 3',5'‑cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), volume‑regulated anion channels (VRACs) and the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate (Na+‑HCO3‑) cotransporter, NBCe1, in the regulation of nutrient‑ and hypotonicity‑induced insulin release from rat pancreatic islets and tumoral insulin‑producing BRIN‑BD11 cells. In the islets, 5‑nitro‑2‑(3‑phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB) and 5‑chloro‑2‑hydroxy‑3‑(thiophene‑2‑carbonyl)indole‑1‑carboxamide (tenidap) reduced glucose‑stimulated insulin release, however, only NPPB suppressed the enhancing action of cAMP analogs upon such a release.

Comparison of GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT4 and SGLT1 mRNA expression in the salivary glands and six other organs of control, streptozotocin-induced and Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rats.

Background/aims: The expression and localization of several distinct glucose transporters (GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT4, and SGLT1) was recently characterized in the parotid gland of normal rats by quantitative real-time PCR analysis, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The major aims of the present study was to compare the mRNA expression of these glucose transporters in both the parotid gland and submaxillary gland of control rats, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and hereditarily diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.

Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed in the parotid and submaxillary salivary glands and, for purpose of comparison, also in the heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle and pancreas from control animals and either streptozotocin-treated or Goto-Kakizaki rats.

Debilitating lower urinary tract symptoms in the post-renal transplant population can be predicted pretransplantation.

Background: Overactive bladder and benign prostatic hyperplasia commonly cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the renal transplant (RTx) population. These LUTS may be masked by low urine output and may pose risk to renal allografts after RTx. Our purpose was to determine the frequency and severity of LUTS in RTx patients and to determine if patients at highest risk for LUTS could be predicted by validated questionnaires or other pre-RTx characteristics.

Influence of platelet γ-glutamyltransferase on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the presence of holo-transferrin.

Several studies have documented that formation of oxidant mediators may induce apoptosis in nucleated and anucleated cells by modulating intracellular signalling pathways. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a very important role in the platelet function. γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), a novel source of cellular production of oxidants in the presence of iron and reduced glutathione (GSH), is also found on platelets.

Renal perfusion pump vs cold storage for donation after cardiac death kidneys: a systematic review.

Purpose: Static cold storage is generally used to preserve kidney allografts from deceased donors. Hypothermic machine perfusion may improve the outcome after transplantation but few studies with limited power have addressed this issue. We reviewed evidence of the effectiveness of storing kidneys from deceased donors after cardiac death before transplantation using cold static storage solution or pulsatile hypothermic machine perfusion.

Cervical adenoid Basal carcinoma: a case report.

Adenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) is a rare epithelial tumor of the cervix. It makes up approximately 1% of all cervical adenocarcinomas. Rare cases have been associated with common cervical epithelial tumors.

[Epidural abscess due to a Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain with primary resistance to isoniazid and ethambutol].

Tuberculosis is primarily characterized by pulmonary involvement, however, one third of the cases exhibit extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In this report, a case of epidural abscess due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis with primary resistance to isoniazid and ethambutol was presented. A 57-year-old male patient was admitted to emergency service with ten days history of weakness in legs, disability of walking and fever.

An unusual cause of death: spontaneous urinary bladder perforation.

Spontaneous urinary bladder perforation is a rare and life-threatening condition similar to traumatic and iatrogenic perforation. The connection with the underlying bladder damage due to previous radiotherapy, inflammation, malignancy, obstruction, or other causes can be found in almost all cases. The symptoms are often nonspecific, and misdiagnosis is common.

Supplemental hydrogen sulphide protects transplant kidney function and prolongs recipient survival after prolonged cold ischaemia-reperfusion injury by mitigating renal graft apoptosis and inflammation.

Unlabelled: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Hydrogen sulphide (H(2) S) has recently been classified as a member of the family of small gaseous molecules called gasotransmitters and has been found to have many important physiological functions. Several recent studies have elucidated the protective effects of H(2) S in many models of tissue ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), including hepatic, myocardial, pulmonary, cerebral and renal IRI. It has previously been shown that H(2) S has a number of properties that may contribute to its protection against IRI, including vasodilatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, although the specific actions appear to vary between tissues.

Insulinotropic action of Citrullus colocynthis seed extracts in rat pancreatic islets.

The present study aimed to investigate the direct in vitro effects of several distinct Citrullus colocynthis seed extracts on glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic islets isolated from rats. Six extracts were tested, a crude aqueous, defatted aqueous, ethyl acetate, H2O-methanol and n-butanol extract and an extract containing a major component (fraction A) identified by gel chromatography in the ethyl acetate, n-butanol and H2O-methanol extracts. Under selected experimental conditions, the majority of extracts exhibited a positive insulinotropic action, at least when tested in the presence of 8.

In vitro effects of nitric oxide donors on apoptosis and oxidative/nitrative protein modifications in ADP-activated platelets.

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important physiological signaling molecule. However, when produced in excessive amounts, NO can also have toxic effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of exogenous- and endogenous-derived NO on oxidative modifications of proteins and apoptosis in activated platelets.

Should peritoneal dialysis catheters be removed at the time of kidney transplantation?

Background: : Delayed graft function (DGF) following transplantation necessitates support in the form of hemodialyis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, post-transplant PD-related complication and failure rates are unknown.

Methods: : We studies patients who were on PD at the time of kidney transplantation over a 4-year period at two separate institutions.