Remineralization and inactivation of carious lesions treated with silver fluoride in Brazilian children with special healthcare needs.

Introduction: Providing conventional, restorative dental care to children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) often requires sedation using general anesthesia. Saliva consistency, diet, and oral hygiene practice are different for CSHCN, and limited evidence is available on the efficacy of silver fluoride (SF) for the management of carious lesions for this vulnerable population.

Methods: Parents of CSHCN were educated about silver fluoride as a treatment option for caries.

Fluoride Exposure and Salivary Glands: How Is Glandular Morphology Susceptible to Long-Term Exposure? A Preclinical Study.

Despite a strong body of evidence attesting to the effectiveness of fluoride (F) in preventing and controlling caries, some studies have sought to investigate the influence of F exposure on the salivary glands, organs that are essential for the maintenance of cavity homeostasis through salivary production, finding that exposure to F can cause biochemical and proteomic changes. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the morphological effects of prolonged exposure to F on the salivary glands of mice, at concentrations that would correspond to optimally fluoridated water (suitable for human consumption) and to fluorosis-endemic regions. Twenty-four male mice () were divided into three groups, according to F levels in the drinking water: 0 (control), 10, or 50 mg F/L, with an exposure period of 60 days.

Maternal Fluoride Exposure Exerts Different Toxicity Patterns in Parotid and Submandibular Glands of Offspring Rats.

There is currently a controversial and heated debate about the safety and ethical aspects of fluoride (F) used for human consumption. Thus, this study assessed the effects of prenatal and postnatal F exposure of rats on the salivary glands of their offspring. Pregnant rats were exposed to 0, 10, or 50 mg F/L from the drinking water, from the first day of gestation until offspring weaning (42 days).

Evaluation of genetic polymorphisms in MMP2, MMP9 and MMP20 in Brazilian children with dental fluorosis.

Recent studies suggested that genetics contribute to differences in dental fluorosis (DF) susceptibility among individuals having the same environmental exposure. This study evaluated if MMP2, MMP9 and MMP20 are expressed during enamel development and assessed the association between polymorphisms in these genes with DF. Mice susceptible and resistant to DF were used to evaluate if MMPs were candidate genes for DF.

Analysis of Polymorphisms in Genes Differentially Expressed in the Enamel of Mice with Different Genetic Susceptibilities to Dental Fluorosis.

Genes expressed during amelogenesis are candidates to increase the risk of dental fluorosis (DF). Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in enamel development genes and susceptibility to DF in mice. Mice of both sexes, representing strains 129P3/J (n = 20; resistant to DF) and A/J (n = 20; susceptible to DF), were divided into 2 groups.

Proteomic Mapping of Dental Enamel Matrix from Inbred Mouse Strains: Unraveling Potential New Players in Enamel.

Enamel formation is a complex 2-step process by which proteins are secreted to form an extracellular matrix, followed by massive protein degradation and subsequent mineralization. Excessive systemic exposure to fluoride can disrupt this process and lead to a condition known as dental fluorosis. The genetic background influences the responses of mineralized tissues to fluoride, such as dental fluorosis, observed in A/J and 129P3/J mice.

Oxidative Biochemistry Disbalance and Changes on Proteomic Profile in Salivary Glands of Rats Induced by Chronic Exposure to Methylmercury.

Methylmercury (MeHg) is one of the most toxic mercury species, which can cause many systemic damages, but little is known about its effect in the salivary glands. This study aimed to analyze the mercury levels, oxidative stress, and proteomic profile in parotid, submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands of rats, after chronic MeHg intoxication. Two groups of twenty male Wistar rats (90 days of age) were used on the experiment.

Role of Candida species from HIV infected children in enamel caries lesions: an in vitro study.

Objectives: This study analyzed the capacity of Candida spp. from dental biofilm of HIV infected (HIV+) children to demineralize primary molar enamel in vitro by Transversal Microhardness (TMH), Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) and the quantity of calcium ions (Ca2+) released from the enamel.

Material And Methods: Candida spp.

Polymorphisms in genes involved in enamel development are associated with dental fluorosis.

Objective: To evaluate the association between polymorphisms in DLX1, DLX2, MMP13, TIMP1 and TIMP2 genes with dental fluorosis (DF) phenotype.

Design: Four hundred and eighty one subjects (108 with DF and 373 DF free) from 6 to 18 years of age were recruited. This population lived in Rio de Janeiro, a city with fluoridation of public water supplies.

Liver proteome of mice with different genetic susceptibilities to the effects of fluoride.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the differential pattern of protein expression in the liver of these mice to provide insights on why they have different responses to F.

Material And Methods: Weanling male A/J and 129P3/J mice (n=10 from each strain) were pared and housed in metabolic cages with ad libitum access to low-F food and deionized water for 42 days. Liver proteome profiles were examined using nLC-MS/MS.

Protective Effect of Whole and Fat-Free Fluoridated Milk, Applied before or after Acid Challenge, against Dental Erosion.

This study analysed in vitro the effect of milk against dental erosion, considering three factors: the type of milk (bovine whole/fat-free), the presence of different fluoride concentrations and the time of application (before/after erosive challenge). Bovine enamel (n = 15/group) and root dentine (n = 12/group) specimens were submitted to the following treatments: after the first erosive challenge - 0.9% NaCl solution (negative control), whole milk with 0, 2.

Proteomics of Secretory-Stage and Maturation-Stage Enamel of Genetically Distinct Mice.

The mechanisms by which excessive ingestion of fluoride (F) during amelogenesis leads to dental fluorosis (DF) are still not precisely known. Inbred strains of mice vary in their susceptibility to develop DF, and therefore permit the investigation of underlying molecular events influencing DF severity. We employed a proteomic approach to characterize and evaluate changes in protein expression from secretory-stage and maturation-stage enamel in 2 strains of mice with different susceptibilities to DF (A/J, i.

Association of Species Isolated From the Dental Plaque of HIV-infected Children and Prevalence of Early Carious Lesions.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to: (1) quantify and identify Candida species (spp.) in the dental plaque of children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and compare with noninfected children; and (2) determine the association of Candida spp. with the presence of caries.

Role of host-derived proteinases in dentine caries and erosion.

Demineralization in dentinal caries and erosion exposes dentine organic matrix. This exposed matrix, containing type I collagen and non-collagenous proteins, is then degraded by host collagenolytic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine cathepsins. The knowledge of the identities and function of these enzymes in dentine has accumulated only within the last 15 years, but has already formed a field of research called 'dentine degradomics'.

TiF4 and NaF varnishes as anti-erosive agents on enamel and dentin erosion progression in vitro.

Objective: This study assessed the effect of fluoride varnishes on the progression of tooth erosion in vitro.

Material And Methods: Forty-eight enamel and 60 root dentin samples were previously demineralized (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.

The effect of mouthwashes containing biguanides on the progression of erosion in dentin.

Background: Dental erosion is caused by frequent exposure to acids without the involvement of microorganism. This study analyzed the effect of biguanides (polyhexamethylene biguanide - PHMB and chlorhexidine - CHX) on dentin erosion due to their possible influence on the enzymatic degradation of the demineralized organic matrix.

Method: Sixty bovine dentin specimens were prepared.

Mechanisms of action of fluoridated acidic liquid dentifrices against dental caries.

Objective: This study attempted to clarify the mechanisms of action of fluoridated acidic liquid dentifrices against dental caries.

Design: In the in vitro leg, enamel specimens were submitted to a pH-cycling model, treated with distinct dentifrices (0, 550 μgF/g pH 4.5 and pH 7.

Proteomic analysis of liver in rats chronically exposed to fluoride.

Fluoride (F) is a potent anti-cariogenic element, but when ingestion is excessive, systemic toxicity may be observed. This can occur as acute or chronic responses, depending on both the amount of F and the time of exposure. The present study identified the profile of protein expression possibly associated with F-induced chronic hepatotoxicity.

Biofilm of Candida albicans from oral cavity of an HIV-infected child: challenge on enamel microhardness.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of C. albicans on enamel microhardness in vitro.

Study Design: Candida albicans was isolated from the oral mucosa (M) and dentin carious lesion (D) of an HIV+ child.

A successful outcome using a minimal invasive approach to manage a severe trauma to the primary maxillary incisor in a toddler.

Intrusive and lateral luxation are common traumatic injuries in children. The aim of this work is to report the successful conservative management of severe intrusion and lateral luxations of the primary maxillary central incisors in a 27-month-old patient.

Biofilm formation by Candida species on silicone surfaces and latex pacifier nipples: an in vitro study.

The present study assessed the growth and development of biofilm formation by isolates of C. albicans, C. glabrata and C.