Machine Learning Meets Cancer.

The role of machine learning (a part of artificial intelligence-AI) in the diagnosis and treatment of various types of oncology is steadily increasing. It is expected that the use of AI in oncology will speed up both diagnostic and treatment planning processes. This review describes recent applications of machine learning in oncology, including medical image analysis, treatment planning, patient survival prognosis, and the synthesis of drugs at the point of care.

[Evolution of loss due to event of undetermined intent among the Moscow working-age population in the 2000s].

Accuracy of statistical registration of mortality in Russia, especially in times of crisis, is a pressing and relevant issue; this problem was challenging Moscow in the 2000s: until recently, the capital was a complete outsider in terms of accuracy of statistical registration of mortality. The purpose of the study was to identify peculiar features of evolution and the structure of mortality from an event of undetermined intent among Moscow working-age population in the 2000s against the background of the processes taking place in Russia. The article analyzes mortality from an event of undetermined intent among Moscow population of young and old working age in the 2000s, as well as its nosological aspects in 2011-2018, when certain events of undetermined intent were separated as individual nosological units.

Does exceptional human longevity come with a high cost of infertility? Testing the evolutionary theories of aging.

The purpose of this study is to test the prediction of the evolutionary theory of aging that human longevity comes with the cost of impaired reproductive success (higher infertility rates). Our validation study is based on the analysis of particularly reliable genealogical records for European aristocratic families using a logistic regression model with childlessness as a dependent (outcome) variable, and woman's life span, year of birth, age at marriage, husband's age at marriage, and husband's life span as independent (predictor) variables. We found that the woman's exceptional longevity did not increase her chances of being infertile.

Evolution, mutations, and human longevity: European royal and noble families.

The evolutionary theory of aging predicts that the equilibrium gene frequency for deleterious mutations should increase with age at onset of mutation action because of weaker (postponed) selection against later-acting mutations. According to this mutation accumulation hypothesis, one would expect the genetic variability for survival (additive genetic variance) to increase with age. The ratio of additive genetic variance to the observed phenotypic variance (the heritability of longevity) can be estimated most reliably as the doubled slope of the regression line for offspring life span on paternal age at death.

Mutation load and human longevity.

Since paternal age at reproduction is considered to be the main factor determining human spontaneous mutation rate (Crow, J. (1993) Environ. Mol.

Epidemiologic approach to the biology of human life span.

The present work suggests a new, epidemiologic approach to the study of the biological mechanisms determining human life span. The proposed approach is based on revealing the biological component of human mortality with a subsequent analysis of its regional and sex variability. The biological component of mortality is defined as a component which is age-dependent, but historically stable with respect to socio-economic transformations.