Sequential tissue plasminogen activator, pneumatic displacement, and anti-VEGF treatment for submacular hemorrhage.

Purpose: To report the results of our sequential intravitreal (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), pneumatic displacement (PD), and IV anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD)-related submacular hemorrhage (SMH).

Methods: A total of 16 eyes of 16 patients with SMH of less than 15 days duration were included in this retrospective pilot study. The tPA was applied on the day of diagnosis, and PD was performed the following day.