The relationship between childhood trauma, psychotic symptoms, and cognitive schemas in patients with schizophrenia, their siblings, and healthy controls: results from the EU-GEI study.

Background: The relationship between childhood trauma (CT) and psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), and subthreshold psychotic experiences in non-clinical populations is well-established. However, little is known about the relationship between subtypes of trauma and specific symptoms in patients, their siblings, and controls. It is also not clear which variables mediate the relationship between trauma and psychotic symptoms.

Thiol-disulphide Homeostasis in Patients with Schizophrenia: The Potential Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia.

Objective: : Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This study aimed to compare thiol-disulphide homeostasis in acute and stable phases of schizophrenia for the first time.

Methods: : Among the patients with schizophrenia, 61 in the acute-phase and 61 in the stable phase of their illness were enrolled in the study.

The association between cannabis use and facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia, siblings, and healthy controls: Results from the EUGEI study.

Schizophrenia is frequently accompanied with social cognitive disturbances. Cannabis represents one established environmental factor associated with the onset and progression of schizophrenia. The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association of facial emotion recognition (FER) performance with cannabis use in 2039 patients with schizophrenia, 2141 siblings, and 2049 healthy controls (HC).

Examining facial emotion recognition as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis: Findings from the EUGEI study.

Background: Social cognition impairments, such as facial emotion recognition (FER), have been acknowledged since the earliest description of schizophrenia. Here, we tested FER as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis using two approaches that are indicators of genetic risk for schizophrenia: the proxy-genetic risk approach (family design) and the polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ).

Methods: The sample comprised 2039 individuals with schizophrenia, 2141 siblings, and 2049 healthy controls (HC).

Examining the association between exposome score for schizophrenia and functioning in schizophrenia, siblings, and healthy controls: Results from the EUGEI study.

Background: A cumulative environmental exposure score for schizophrenia (exposome score for schizophrenia [ES-SCZ]) may provide potential utility for risk stratification and outcome prediction. Here, we investigated whether ES-SCZ was associated with functioning in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, unaffected siblings, and healthy controls.

Methods: This cross-sectional sample consisted of 1,261 patients, 1,282 unaffected siblings, and 1,525 healthy controls.

Cognitive functioning throughout adulthood and illness stages in individuals with psychotic disorders and their unaffected siblings.

Important questions remain about the profile of cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders across adulthood and illness stages. The age-associated profile of familial impairments also remains unclear, as well as the effect of factors, such as symptoms, functioning, and medication. Using cross-sectional data from the EU-GEI and GROUP studies, comprising 8455 participants aged 18 to 65, we examined cognitive functioning across adulthood in patients with psychotic disorders (n = 2883), and their unaffected siblings (n = 2271), compared to controls (n = 3301).

Evidence, and replication thereof, that molecular-genetic and environmental risks for psychosis impact through an affective pathway.

Background: There is evidence that environmental and genetic risk factors for schizophrenia spectrum disorders are transdiagnostic and mediated in part through a generic pathway of affective dysregulation.

Methods: We analysed to what degree the impact of schizophrenia polygenic risk (PRS-SZ) and childhood adversity (CA) on psychosis outcomes was contingent on co-presence of affective dysregulation, defined as significant depressive symptoms, in (i) NEMESIS-2 ( = 6646), a representative general population sample, interviewed four times over nine years and (ii) EUGEI ( = 4068) a sample of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, the siblings of these patients and controls.

Results: The impact of PRS-SZ on psychosis showed significant dependence on co-presence of affective dysregulation in NEMESIS-2 [relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI): 1.

White Noise Speech Illusions: A Trait-Dependent Risk Marker for Psychotic Disorder?

White noise speech illusions index liability for psychotic disorder in case-control comparisons. In the current study, we examined i) the rate of white noise speech illusions in siblings of patients with psychotic disorder and ii) to what degree this rate would be contingent on exposure to known environmental risk factors (childhood adversity and recent life events) and level of known endophenotypic dimensions of psychotic disorder [psychotic experiences assessed with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) scale and cognitive ability]. The white noise task was used as an experimental paradigm to elicit and measure speech illusions in 1,014 patients with psychotic disorders, 1,157 siblings, and 1,507 healthy participants.

Estimating Exposome Score for Schizophrenia Using Predictive Modeling Approach in Two Independent Samples: The Results From the EUGEI Study.

Exposures constitute a dense network of the environment: exposome. Here, we argue for embracing the exposome paradigm to investigate the sum of nongenetic "risk" and show how predictive modeling approaches can be used to construct an exposome score (ES; an aggregated score of exposures) for schizophrenia. The training dataset consisted of patients with schizophrenia and controls, whereas the independent validation dataset consisted of patients, their unaffected siblings, and controls.

Replicated evidence that endophenotypic expression of schizophrenia polygenic risk is greater in healthy siblings of patients compared to controls, suggesting gene-environment interaction. The EUGEI study.

Background: First-degree relatives of patients with psychotic disorder have higher levels of polygenic risk (PRS) for schizophrenia and higher levels of intermediate phenotypes.

Methods: We conducted, using two different samples for discovery (n = 336 controls and 649 siblings of patients with psychotic disorder) and replication (n = 1208 controls and 1106 siblings), an analysis of association between PRS on the one hand and psychopathological and cognitive intermediate phenotypes of schizophrenia on the other in a sample at average genetic risk (healthy controls) and a sample at higher than average risk (healthy siblings of patients). Two subthreshold psychosis phenotypes, as well as a standardised measure of cognitive ability, based on a short version of the WAIS-III short form, were used.

Examining the independent and joint effects of molecular genetic liability and environmental exposures in schizophrenia: results from the EUGEI study.

Schizophrenia is a heritable complex phenotype associated with a background risk involving multiple common genetic variants of small effect and a multitude of environmental exposures. Early twin and family studies using proxy-genetic liability measures suggest gene-environment interaction in the etiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but the molecular evidence is scarce. Here, by analyzing the main and joint associations of polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ) and environmental exposures in 1,699 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 1,542 unrelated controls with no lifetime history of a diagnosis of those disorders, we provide further evidence for gene-environment interaction in schizophrenia.

Reasons for clozapine discontinuation in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Although clozapine is more effective than other antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia, the rate of its discontinuation is also high. The aim of this retrospective chart-review study was to investigate the causes of clozapine discontinuation in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. This study included a total of 396 patients with schizophrenia, 240 still on clozapine therapy and 156 who discontinued clozapine, and compared their clinical characteristics.

Neurochemical differences between bipolar disorder type I and II in superior temporal cortices: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

Background: Despite the diagnostic challenges in categorizing bipolar disorder subtypes, bipolar I and II disorders (BD-I and BD-II respectively) are valid indices for researchers. Subtle neurobiological differences may underlie clinical differences between mood disorder subtypes. The aims of this study were to investigate neurochemical differences between bipolar disorder subtypes.

Effect of familial Mediterranean fever on sexual and reproductive health in women.

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between familial Mediterranean fever and female sexual dysfunction and premenstrual syndrome.

Materials And Methods: This study included 36 patients with familial Mediterranean fever and 33 healthy volunteers. Familial Mediterranean fever was diagnosed according to the Tel Hashomer criteria and familial Mediterranean fever mutations were identified in all of the patients.

Situs Inversus Totalis and Schizophrenia Comorbidity.

The comorbidity of structural or genetic diseases with schizophrenia is seen as an opportunity to understand the formation of schizophrenia. This case report presents a patient with comorbidity of schizophrenia, tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and total situs inversus. TOF is a cyanotic heart disease, which can be linked to 22q11 deletion and trisomy 21.

Perisylvian GABA levels in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

The aim of this study is to measure GABA levels of perisylvian cortices in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS). Patients with schizophrenia (n=25), bipolar I disorder (BD-I; n=28) and bipolar II disorder (BD-II; n=20) were compared with healthy controls (n=30). H-MRS data was acquired using a Siemens 3T whole body scanner to quantify right and left perisylvian structures' (including superior temporal lobes) GABA levels.

Total white blood cell count, liver enzymes, and metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia.

Background/aim: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important clinical issue in patients with schizophrenia, but its associated factors are still ambiguous. The aim of the present study was to test whether there are any associations between MetS and white blood cell (WBC) levels, liver enzymes, or sociodemographic variables.

Materials And Methods: The study included 91 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Reliability and Factorial Validity of the Turkish Version of the Pain Disability Index in Rheumatic Patients With Chronic Pain.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the reliability, factor structure, and validity of the Turkish version of the Pain Disability Index (PDI) in patients with chronic pain.

Patients And Methods: The PDI Index was translated into Turkish according to the standard procedures and performed on 212 rheumatic patients with chronic pain (34 males, 178 females; mean age 47.9±10.

The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Clinician.

Background/aim: The Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Clinician (NPI-C) scale is one of the best-known scales for evaluating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the NPI-C scale in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD).

Materials And Methods: The NPI-C scale was administered to 125 patients with AD.

Effects of Sono-feedback during aspiration of Baker's cysts: A controlled clinical trial.

Objective: To determine whether (diagnostic and interventional) ultrasound imaging can be used to provide visual feedback affecting treatment outcome (pain and disability).

Design: Controlled clinical trial.

Subjects: A total of 52 patients with (ultrasonographically confirmed) symptomatic Baker's cysts were enrolled.

Premorbid Personality Disorders in Male Schizophrenic Patients with or without Comorbid Substance Use Disorder: Is Dual Diagnosis Mediated by Personality Disorder?

Introduction: Although substance abuse is an important clinical problem in schizophrenic patients, very little evidence explains why these patients use drugs and alcohol. This study therefore aimed to examine whether premorbid personality disorders affect substance abuse.

Methods: The sample included 40 male schizophrenic patients with and 40 male schizophrenic patients without substance use disorder comorbidity who had applied to Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital.

Metacognitions and emotional schemas: a new cognitive perspective for the distinction between unipolar and bipolar depression.

Introduction: Clinicians need to make the differential diagnosis of unipolar and bipolar depression to guide their treatment choices. Looking at the differences observed in the metacognitions, and the emotional schemas, might help with this differentiation, and might provide information about the distinct psychotherapeutical targets.

Methods: Three groups of subjects (166 unipolar depressed, 140 bipolar depressed, and 151 healthy controls) were asked to fill out the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), and the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS).

Clinical, Neurocognitive, Structural Imaging and Dermatogliphics in Schizophrenia According to Kraepelin Criteria.

Introduction: A century ago, Kraepelin stated that the distinctive feature of schizophrenia was progressive deterioration. Kraepelin criteria for schizophrenia are: (1) continuous hospitalization or complete dependence on others for obtaining basic necessities of life, (2) unemployment and (3) no remission for the past five years. We aimed to determine the clinical appearance and structural biological features of Kraepelinian schizophrenia.

The distinction between unipolar and bipolar depression: a cognitive theory perspective.

Background: There is very limited data about the cognitive structure of bipolar depression when compared to unipolar depression. The aim of the study was to look into the differences between unipolar and bipolar depressed patients regarding their cognitive structure in view of Beck's cognitive theory.

Methods: In this study, 70 bipolar patients during a depressive episode, 189 unipolar depressed patients and 120 healthy subjects were recruited.