[Brain benzodiazepine receptors in humans and rats with alcohol addiction].

Objective: Benzodiazepine receptors (BDR) in synaptosomal and mitochondrial membranes from different brain areas of alcohol abused patients (postmortem) and the brain cortex of male rats (Vistar line) with different preference to alcohol were studied.

Methods: Synaptosomal and mitochondrial receptors of membranes from different brain areas of patients with alcohol addiction and controls were explored using radioreceptor analysis with selective ligands [3H]flunitrazepam and [3H]PK-11195. BDR in the rat brain were studied using [3H]flunitrazepam and [3H]Ro5-4864.

Effects of neuroprotector cortexin on the dynamics of neuroendocrine system parameters in patients with organic emotionally labile (asthenic) disorders.

Addition of neuroprotector Cortexin to standard drug therapy of patients with organic emotionally labile (asthenic) disorders had a great influence on the neuroendocrine system and neurosteroid content: normalization of blood concentration of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, and thyroid hormones was observed. Clinical improvement was associated with the recovery of organism homeostatic systems.

[Characteristics of oxidative stress in mental maladaptation].

Changes in the balance of pro and antioxidant systems were studied in persons in state of mental maladaptation, developed under the influence of emotional stress. Activation of lipid peroxidation has been revealed associated with increase of amount of malondialdehyde in erythrocytes and blood serum in persons surveyed. Activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes in persons in state of mental stress was increased and glutathione preductase, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase has been reliably reduced as compared with group of healthy people.

Psychoimmune interactions in women of reproductive age with endometriosis.

Psychoimmune interactions were studied in women of reproductive age with endometriosis. Pronounced immunological shifts manifested in a shift of the T-cellular immunity, resulting in imbalanced production of pro- (IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines. Significant correlations between the severity of mental shifts and immunopathogenetic factors in the studied patient population demonstrated the psychoneuroimmune nature of endometriosis.

[Therapeutic efficiency of cytoflavine solution for infusion in emergency conditions].

The author reports results of clinical assessment of cytoflavin for injections in the treatment of different pathological condition including critical ones. It was shown that therapy reduces mortality among patients with acute disturbances of cerebral circulation to 4.8-9.

[Peptic ulcer in patients with neurotic and affective disorders: comorbidity, clinicoendoscopic and psychopathological features, approaches to therapy].

Aim: to study clinicoendoscopic and psychopathological relationships and the course of peptic ulcer (PU) in patients with neurotic and affective disorders and to evaluate the efficiency of psychopharmacotherapy, by applying a comprehensive approach to the treatment of comorbidies.

Subjects And Methods: The study covered 245 patients aged 43.3 +/- 8.

Psychosomatic aspects of ethnopsychology and ethnopsychotherapy.

The contemporary situation in psychiatric science is as follows: 1) increased sick rate with chronic neuro-mental disorders (in the first turn with lingering neurotic states, psychosomatic disturbances, depressive and addictive disorders), 2) need in development of integral prevention of chronic human diseases, 3) recognized by many clinicians interrelationship of somatic, mental and social-economic factors in the genesis of relatively new, little studied chronic progress of "mixed" pathology: social cataclysms have forwarded psychosomatic diseases, developing in "masked" form, in the flux of interests of specialists of various medicine disciplines, 4) recognition and directed removal latent pictures of depressions, variable forms of addictive behavior, constituting an important social problem of public life.

Signs of apoptosis of immunocompetent cells in patients with depression.

A total of 26 patients with depression and 20 healthy subjects were studied. Measures of apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes and serum cortisol concentrations were determined. A significant increase in lymphocyte apoptosis was found in patients with depression, resulting in an increase in the proportion of lymphocytes expressing the FAS receptor; cells with morphological signs characteristic of apoptosis (nuclear condensation, vacuolization) were also seen.

[Platelet peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in alcoholism].

The peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) is an transmembrane protein, distinct pharmacologically, structurally and functionally from the central-type benzodiazepine receptor. The kinetic binding parameters of the specific PBR ligand, the PK11195, have been evaluated in platelets from 36 male alcoholic patients in relation to 19 healthy sex-matched controls. A significant increase of mean value of platelet PBR density was observed in patients as compared to the controls (4733 +/- 379 and 3358 +/- 242 fmol/mg proteins, p < 0.

[Apoptosis of immunocompetent cells in patients with depressive disorders].

A comprehensive evaluation of biological indices has been carried out in 26 patients with depressive disorders and in 20 age- and sex-matched controls. Indices of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in subpopulations of blood lymphocytes and concentration of cortisone in blood serum were determined. Significantly enhanced apoptosis was observed in the lymphocytes of depressive patients as shown by increased percentage of lymphocytes expressing FAS-receptor and cells with morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis (nuclear condensation, vacuolation.

Activity and latent activity of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes from patients with disadaptation.

Spontaneous proliferation and structural and functional properties of the cell membranes were studied by measuring activity and latent activity of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with disadaptation at admission to the hospital and during therapy. The spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in patients with disadaptation at admission did not differ from the corresponding values in the control group. Therapy was accompanied by a shift in isoenzyme spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase toward the prevalence of one isoform, which probably reflected metabolic changes in immunocytes under conditions of adaptive immune response to psychoemotional stress.

[Arterial hypertension as a psychosomatic problem].

Current conception of stratification of arterial hypertension (AH) risk comprises a general strategy of its prevention, treatment and prognosis with consideration of personality, medical and social characteristics of the patients. In view of this AH is regarded a psychosomatic problem including somatic, psychic and social aspects. Of importance is AH study in patients with nonpsychotic mental disorders using methods of systemic analysis, multivariate probability models, in particular.

Apoptosis in peripheral blood leukocytes induced by hyperthermia and prednisolone in patients with dysadaptation.

We studied morphological changes in blood leukocytes produced by prednisolone and hyperthermia. Patients with dysadaptation were characterized by activation of spontaneous apoptosis and inhibition of induced apoptosis in neutrophils and lymphocytes compared to healthy donors.

[Search for biochemical factors implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholism in different ethnic populations].

A Chukotka indigenous population (the Chukchis, Eskimos) craving alcohol was examined. Changes in the levels of endogenous ethanol (EE) and its relation to calcium homeostasis, hypophyseal-adrenocortical hormones (stress) in the body are regarded as a possible role in alcohol motivation and ethanol dependence. The frequency and pattern of alcohol consumption, high alcoholism incidence rates in the family history may consider the Arctic Mongoloids as a group at high risk for alcoholism.

[The characteristics of the interferon system parameters in typologically different groups of patients with borderline mental disorders during treatment].

Lymphocyte gamma-interferon production and levels of serum interferon were studied in 94 patients with borderline psychiatric disorders on treatment. It was shown that parameters of interferon system in the acute disease period and their dynamics through the treatment depend on typological features of personality and initial level of interferon production. The patients with aggressive features of personality in acute disease exhibit significantly higher levels of serum interferon than those in patients with submissive features which drop after recovery.

[Dynamic estimation of mental health in native and newcomer population of the Siberian North].

Clinical and epidemiological studies of the population (the indigenous, the aliens, the migrants) in the Siberian North have shown it promising to develop a regional aspect of modern psychiatry and narcology. There is a high prevalence of borderline states and alcoholism among the natives and migrants. Specific features of the clinical picture of many types of borderline abnormalities have been found.

[Psychiatric borderline states: theoretical-methodological considerations with reference to Siberian life conditions and the need to development broad public awareness].

With detailed reference to specific conditions of work and every day life in Siberia the authors give insight into methodological, preventive, and rehabilitative efforts to cope with significantly high chronification of patients with borderline symptoms. Special focus is on a complex analysis of ecological, social, psychological, and biological-endogenic factors involved in prevalence, prevention, and rehabilitation.

[Epidemiology, clinical aspects and prevention of borderline conditions in the regions of Siberia and Far East].

The problem of borderline conditions in the population of Siberia and the Far East is analyzed from the standpoint of a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach. The authors established the indicators, close to the real ones, of the prevalence of borderline disorders, exceeding many times the formal statistic data. Evidence is given of the role of certain personality parameters (rigidity, anxiety) and biological factors (the status of the immune and hormonal systems) in the formation and course of borderline conditions.