C2C12 Muscle Myotubes, but not Kidney Proximal Tubule HK-2 Cells, Elevate Erythritol Synthesis in Response to Oxidative Stress.

Background: As a biomarker, elevated serum erythritol concentrations predict type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease onset. Erythritol was recently shown to be a product of human glucose metabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway. The regulation of erythritol synthesis from glucose has been explored in cancer cells but not in nontransformed cells.

Sucrose Intake Elevates Erythritol in Plasma and Urine in Male Mice.

Background: Elevated serum erythritol concentration is a predictive biomarker of diabetes and cardiovascular incidence and complications. Erythritol is synthesized endogenously from glucose, but little is known regarding the origin of elevated circulating erythritol in vivo.

Objectives: In vitro evidence indicates that intracellular erythritol is elevated by high-glucose cell culture conditions and that final step of erythritol synthesis is catalyzed by the enzymes sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORD) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) 1.

Erythritol synthesis is elevated in response to oxidative stress and regulated by the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in A549 cells.

Background: Erythritol is a predictive biomarker of cardiometabolic diseases and is produced from glucose metabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Little is known regarding the regulation of endogenous erythritol synthesis in humans.

Objective: In the present study, we investigated the stimuli that promote erythritol synthesis in human lung carcinoma cells and characterized potential points of regulation along the PPP.

Mammalian metabolism of erythritol: a predictive biomarker of metabolic dysfunction.

Purpose Of Review: To summarize recent advances in our understanding of mammalian erythritol metabolism and its use as a predictive biomarker of cardiometabolic disease risk.

Recent Findings: Elevated serum erythritol predicts future central adiposity gain and type 2 diabetes mellitus in healthy adults. Erythritol is a newly recognized human metabolic product of glucose, synthesized through the pentose phosphate pathway.

Unexpected roles for ADH1 and SORD in catalyzing the final step of erythritol biosynthesis.

The low-calorie sweetener erythritol is endogenously produced from glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway in humans. Erythritol is of medical interest because elevated plasma levels of this polyol are predictive for visceral adiposity gain and development of type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms behind these associations remain unknown because the erythritol biosynthesis pathway, particularly the enzyme catalyzing the final step of erythritol synthesis (reduction of erythrose to erythritol), is not characterized.