Breaking boundaries in diabetic nephropathy treatment: design and synthesis of novel steroidal SGLT2 inhibitors.

The activity of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) has always been an important parameter influencing chronic kidney disease in type-2 diabetic patients. Herein, we have meticulously designed, synthesized, and evaluated several novel steroidal pyrimidine molecules that possess the capability to successfully bind to the SGLT2 protein and inhibit its activity, thereby remedying kidney-related ailments in diabetic patients. The lead steroidal pyrimidine compounds were selected after virtually screening from a library of probable -heterocyclic steroidal scaffolds.

Stachydrine, a pyrrole alkaloid with promising therapeutic potential against metabolic syndrome and associated organ dysfunction.

Metabolic syndrome is a multifaceted condition marked by interconnected risk factors, significantly increasing the risk of serious diseases like cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke. Effective management often demands new medications due to complexity of the conditions and limitations of current treatments. Natural compounds are increasingly recognized in drug discovery due to their vast chemical diversity, commercial availability, low cost, and minimal side effects.

Free radical scavenging polyphenols isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L. ameliorates hyperglycemia via SIRT1 induction and GLUT4 translocation in in vitro and in vivo models.

Type 2 diabetes milletus (T2DM) is a complex multifaceted disorder characterized by insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Phyllanthus niruri L. is well reported sub-tropical therapeutically beneficial ayurvedic medicinal plant from Euphorbiaceae family used in various body ailments such as metabolic disorder including diabetes.

Snake venom nerve growth factor-inspired designing of novel peptide therapeutics for the prevention of paraquat-induced apoptosis, neurodegeneration, and alteration of metabolic pathway genes in the rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cell.

Neurodegenerative disorders (ND), associated with the progressive loss of neurons, oxidative stress-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial dysfunction, can be treated with synthetic peptides possessing innate neurotrophic effects and neuroprotective activity. Computational analysis of two small synthetic peptides (trideca-neuropeptide, TNP; heptadeca-neuropeptide, HNP) developed from the nerve growth factors from snake venoms predicted their significant interaction with the human TrkA receptor (TrkA). In silico results were validated by an in vitro binding study of the FITC-conjugated custom peptides to rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cell TrkA receptors.

Xanthosine, a purine glycoside mediates hepatic glucose homeostasis through inhibition of gluconeogenesis and activation of glycogenesis via regulating the AMPK/ FoxO1/AKT/GSK3β signaling cascade.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hepatic insulin resistance, which results in increased glucose production and reduced glycogen storage in the liver. There is no previous study in the literature that has explored the role of Xanthosine in hepatic insulin resistance. Moreover, mechanistic explanation for the beneficial effects of Xanthosine in lowering glucose production in diabetes is yet to be determined.

Taxifolin-3-O-glucoside from Osbeckia nepalensis Hook. mediates antihyperglycemic activity in CC1 hepatocytes and in diabetic Wistar rats via regulating AMPK/G6Pase/PEPCK signaling axis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Osbeckia nepalensis Hook. f. is an ICMR documented plant well known for its antidiabetic uses among the folk people of Northeast Region of India.

Rationalizing the therapeutic potential of apigenin against cancer.

Background: Despite the remarkable advances made in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer during the past couple of decades, it remains the second largest cause of mortality in the world, killing approximately 9.6 million people annually. The major challenges in the treatment of the advanced stage of this disease are the development of chemoresistance, severe adverse effects of the drugs, and high treatment cost.