High-Risk Lineages of Hybrid Plasmids Carrying Virulence and Carbapenemase Genes.

Carbapenem-resistant (CRE) are a global health threat due to their high morbidity and mortality rates and limited treatment options. This study examines the plasmid-mediated transmission of virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants in carbapenem-resistant () and () isolated from Russian hospitals. : We performed short- and long-read whole-genome sequencing of 53 clinical isolates (48 and 5 ) attributed to 15 genetic lineages and collected from 21 hospitals across nine Russian cities between 2016 and 2022.

Scots pine - panmixia and the elusive signal of genetic adaptation.

Scots pine is the foundation species of diverse forested ecosystems across Eurasia and displays remarkable ecological breadth, occurring in environments ranging from temperate rainforests to arid tundra margins. Such expansive distributions can be favored by various demographic and adaptive processes and the interactions between them. To understand the impact of neutral and selective forces on genetic structure in Scots pine, we conducted range-wide population genetic analyses on 2321 trees from 202 populations using genotyping-by-sequencing, reconstructed the recent demography of the species and examined signals of genetic adaptation.

Sequence Capture of Mitochondrial Genome with PCR-Generated Baits Provides New Insights into the Biogeography of the Genus Mill.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), being maternally inherited in plants of the family Pinaceae, is an important source of phylogeographic information. However, its use is hindered by a low mutation rate and frequent structure rearrangements. In the present study, we tested the method of genomic libraries enrichment with mtDNA via the sequence capture method yielding mtDNA data which were further used to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree of the genus .

Noise amplification precedes extreme epileptic events on human EEG.

Extreme events are rare and sudden abnormal deviations of the system's behavior from a typical state. Statistical analysis reveals that if the time series contains extreme events, its distribution has a heavy tail. In dynamical systems, extreme events often occur due to developing instability preceded by noise amplification.

The GenTree Platform: growth traits and tree-level environmental data in 12 European forest tree species.

Background: Progress in the field of evolutionary forest ecology has been hampered by the huge challenge of phenotyping trees across their ranges in their natural environments, and the limitation in high-resolution environmental information.

Findings: The GenTree Platform contains phenotypic and environmental data from 4,959 trees from 12 ecologically and economically important European forest tree species: Abies alba Mill. (silver fir), Betula pendula Roth.

Genetic structure of a widespread alpine shrub Rhododendron aureum (Ericaceae) across East Asia.

The vast territory of East Asia, including southwestern Beringia, is considered to have been almost ice free during the Pleistocene. Cold-resistant flora may have persisted in this region expanding or contracting its range during the climate cooling. Only a few plant genera have been studied with a sampling area across their entire geographic range in East Asia; therefore, the understanding of the biogeographic history of alpine flora in this region remains limited.

Author Correction: The GenTree Dendroecological Collection, tree-ring and wood density data from seven tree species across Europe.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

The GenTree Dendroecological Collection, tree-ring and wood density data from seven tree species across Europe.

The dataset presented here was collected by the GenTree project (EU-Horizon 2020), which aims to improve the use of forest genetic resources across Europe by better understanding how trees adapt to their local environment. This dataset of individual tree-core characteristics including ring-width series and whole-core wood density was collected for seven ecologically and economically important European tree species: silver birch (Betula pendula), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce (Picea abies), European black poplar (Populus nigra), maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and sessile oak (Quercus petraea). Tree-ring width measurements were obtained from 3600 trees in 142 populations and whole-core wood density was measured for 3098 trees in 125 populations.

From America to Eurasia: a multigenomes history of the genus Abies.

The origin of conifer genera, the main components of mountain temperate and boreal forests, was deemed to arise in the Mesozoic, although paleontological records and molecular data point to a recent diversification, presumably related to Neogene cooling. The geographical area(s) where the modern lines of conifers emerged remains uncertain, as is the sequence of events leading to their present distribution. To gain further insights into the biogeography of firs (Abies), we conducted phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast, mitochondrial and nuclear markers.

[Phylogeny of firs (genus Abies, Pinaceae) based on multilocus nuclear markers (AFLP)].

To study the phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary history, and molecular systematics of firs (genus Abies), the phylogenetic reconstruction, based on nuclear multilocus markers—amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)—was conducted. Using seven combinations of selective primers, 84 samples of 39 taxa were genotyped for 553 polymorphic AFLP loci. A comparison with our earlier chloroplast and mitochondrial phylogenies of the genus (in 2014) shows that the nuclear phylogeny generally is more congruent to the chloroplast tree.

Multispecies genetic structure and hybridization in the Betula genus across Eurasia.

Boreal and cool temperate forests are the major land cover of northern Eurasia, and information about continental-scale genetic structure and past demographic history of forest species is important from an evolutionary perspective and has conservation implications. However, although many population genetic studies of forest tree species have been conducted in Europe or Eastern Asia, continental-scale genetic structure and past demographic history remain poorly known. Here, we focus on the birch genus Betula, which is commonly distributed in boreal and cool temperate forests, and examine 129 populations of two tetraploid and four diploid species collected from Iceland to Japan.

[Variability of Allozyme and cpSSR Markers in the Populations of Siberian Spruce].

The variability of 21 allozyme and three microsatellite loci of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) was studied in the populations of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) from Irkutsk oblast, Magadan oblast, Buryatia, and Mongolia. It was demonstrated that the highest level of genetic diversity among the examined populations at both allozyme and microsatellite loci was observed in the Tulyushka population from Irkutsk oblast.

The extent and meaning of hybridization and introgression between Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) and Norway spruce (Picea abies): cryptic refugia as stepping stones to the west?

Boreal species were repeatedly exposed to ice ages and went through cycles of contraction and expansion while sister species alternated periods of contact and isolation. The resulting genetic structure is consequently complex, and demographic inferences are intrinsically challenging. The range of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) covers most of northern Eurasia; yet their geographical limits and histories remain poorly understood.

[Development of New Mitochondrial DNA Markers in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) for Population Genetic and Phylogeographic Studies].

Fragments of genomic DNA of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) homologous to the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contigs of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.

First data on genetic diversity of burbot (Lota lota L.) in the Western Siberian.

Analysis of genetic diversity of burbot (Lota lota Linneus, 1758) mitochondrial control region (mtCR) haplotypes from geographically distant localities in the Ob-Irtysh River basin in comparison with distribution of known burbot haplotypes was conducted. mtCR fragments from burbot samples, obtained in two localities (longitudinal part of the Irtysh near Tobolsk and the Sob River, a left-bank tributary of the Ob River), were sequenced.

[EXPERIENCE OF USING IMMUNE CHROMATOGRAPHY TEST FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA].

Aim: Justification of the use of immune chromatographic analysis for diagnostic of pneumococcal pneumonia.

Materials And Methods: Sensitivity and specificity of an immune chromatographic method (Binax Now test system) was studied for verification of pneumococcal pneumonia. Approbation of this method for etiologic deciphering of pneumonia in 260 patients hospitalized in infectious hospital was carried out.

[Microsatellite Loci polymorphism of chloroplast DNA of the pine tree (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Asia and Eastern Europe].

The variability of four microsatellite loci of chloroplast DNA was studied in 38 populations of Pinus sylvestris in the European part of Russia, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Transbaikalia and Mongolia. High variability was observed in all regions. In total, 152 haplotypes were identified.

[Mitochondrial DNA variation and reticulate evolution of the genus Abies].

The sequences of three regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of a total length of 5226 bp were used to study the phylogeography of the genus Abies. The mtDNA haplotype network, comprising 36 studied Abies taxa, consisted of two branches: the first represented all American species plus two Asian, and the second included the remaining Eurasian species. Within these clusters, the haplotypes formed nine major groups, generally corresponding to the clades of the previously obtained phylogeny based on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), but the relationships of these groups were significantly different: species assignment to the particular mtDNA haplotype group was more in line with its geographical distribution.

[Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Abies (Pinaceae) based on the nucleotide sequence of chloroplast DNA].

A phylogenetic study of firs (Abies Mill.) was conducted using nucleotide sequences of several chloroplast DNA regions with a total length of 5580 bp. The analysis included 37 taxa, which represented the main evolutionary lineages of the genus, and Keteleeria daviana.

Clinal variation at phenology-related genes in spruce: parallel evolution in FTL2 and Gigantea?

Parallel clines in different species, or in different geographical regions of the same species, are an important source of information on the genetic basis of local adaptation. We recently detected latitudinal clines in SNPs frequencies and gene expression of candidate genes for growth cessation in Scandinavian populations of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Here we test whether the same clines are also present in Siberian spruce (P.

[Genetic diversity of larch at the north of Primorskii Krai and distribution limits of Larix olgensis A. Henry].

The genetic diversity of four mtDNA fragments and five microsatellite loci of ctDNA was examined in six larch samples from the territory of the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve (northern Primor'e). In order to identify possible species-specific differences between the samples, the latter were collected at transects along the shore of the Sea of Japan and at different distances from the sea. Based on a number of morphological characters, some authors suggest that Olgan larch grows in the shoreline part of the reserve and, moving inland, it is replaced by Gmelin larch.

Southern montane populations did not contribute to the recolonization of West Siberian Plain by Siberian larch (Larix sibirica): a range-wide analysis of cytoplasmic markers.

While many species were confined to southern latitudes during the last glaciations, there has lately been mounting evidence that some of the most cold-tolerant species were actually able to survive close to the ice sheets. The contribution of these higher latitude outposts to the main recolonization thrust remains, however, untested. In the present study, we use the first range-wide survey of genetic diversity at cytoplasmic markers in Siberian larch (Larix sibirica; four mitochondrial (mt) DNA loci and five chloroplast (cp) DNA SSR loci) to (i) assess the relative contributions of southern and central areas to the current L.

[Nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium of adaptive significant genes in Larix (Pinaceae)].

Nucleotide polymorphism in genes potentially responsible for the adaptation to the latitudinal gradient of climate was investigated in the Siberian larch (Larix sibirica). The genes were selected among those previously studied in Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), the variability of which indicates the influence of selection or shows the association with phenotypic traits that are important for adaptation to low temperatures and to geographically heterogeneous environment. Nucleotide sequences of eight genes, including coding and noncoding regions, were amplified and sequenced using newly developed primers specific to Larix.

[Spread of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in population of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in northern European Russia].

The variability of the first intron of the nad7 gene of Scots pine mitochondrial DNA was investigated in 15 populations in northeast of European Russia and in three populations in Belarus, Sweden, and the Voronezh region. Restriction Fragments Length Polymorphism of the PCR product (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing were used. The investigated samples were compared with the populations studied previously.