Brain injury following child maltreatment syndrome in newborns and young children. Shaken baby syndrome.

Background: Shaken baby syndrome is widely discussed in the literature. This syndrome is considered as a variant of child maltreatment syndrome. In the English-language literature, there are data on high incidence of this syndrome and difficult diagnosis.

Experimental Modeling of Cranial Injury and Defect Reconstruction Using Superconstructive Polymers (PEEK).

Experimental model of resection craniotomy with subsequent reconstruction of the defect with a polymer implant enables comprehensive assessment of functional and ultrastructural changes during replacement of the damaged tissue. Reconstruction of a skull defect was accompanied by transient motor disturbance in the acute period and did not cause functional disorders and neurological deficits in a delayed period. Histological examination of osteal and brain tissue revealed no pathological reactions that could be associated with the response to the chemical components of the implant.

[Supratentorial neuroepithelial tumor with PLAGL1 gene fusion - a new type of morphologically variable pediatric brain neoplasm defined by a distinct DNA methylation class. A case report and literature review].

Background: Methylation analysis has become a powerful diagnostic tool in modern neurooncology. This technique is valuable to diagnose new brain tumor types.

Objective: To describe the MRI and histological pattern of neuroepithelial tumor with PLAGL1 gene fusion.

Autologous bone implant for reconstructive surgery after decompressive craniectomy in children.

Unlabelled: The concept of post-traumatic skull defect closure is based on restoration of anatomical relationships for the maximum possible recovery of brain function, i.e. it is considered as a stage of surgical rehabilitation.

Secondary Cerebral Ischemia at Traumatic Brain Injury Is More Closely Related to Cerebrovascular Reactivity Impairment than to Intracranial Hypertension.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the development of secondary cerebral ischemia (SCI), intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: 89 patients with severe TBI with ICP monitoring were studied retrospectively. The mean age was 36.

Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Intracranial Hypertension in Children.

Objectives: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) for control of refractory intracranial pressure (ICP) elevations remains a controversial procedure because of its invasiveness and lack of clearly defined indications, the absence of an established surgical technique, the variability of its outcomes, and the significant risk of complications.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify factors for unfavorable outcomes after DC in children with a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: A longitudinal investigation of correlations was carried out in 64 children (mean age ± 4.

Brain Biomarkers in Children After Mild and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Brain biomarkers (protein S100b and neuron-specific enolase (NSE)), antibodies (aAb) to the NR2 subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NR2(NMDA)) and to the GluR1 subunit of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (GluR1(AMPA)) subtype of glutamate receptors (GluR), NR2 and AMPA peptides, nitrogen oxides (NOx; "nitrites and nitrates"), and 3-nitrotyrosine (NT) were measured in blood from 159 children after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), moderate traumatic brain injury (mdTBI), or severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) within 1-2 days and at intervals during the first 15 days after brain trauma. S100b and NSE levels on the first day were not a strict criterion for injury outcomes. Children with mTBI had the most significant elevations in antibodies to NR2(NMDA) and AMPA peptides, a slight increase in NOx, and, in 25% of cases, appearance of NT in the blood right after TBI.

[Selective neurotization of the median nerve in young patients with CV-CVIIcomplicated spinal cord injury].

Background: Complicated spinal cord injury occurs in 1-5 cases per 100.000. In children, cervical trauma makes up 72% of all spinal trauma.

[APOΕ gene polymorphism and markers of brain damage in the outcomes of severe traumatic brain injury in children].

Objective: To compare apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes with outcomes and levels of neuromarkers in children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Material And Methods: APOE polymorphisms were genotyped in 69 children with severe TBI. The following markers of brain damage were identified: neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial protein S100b, content of autoantibodies (aAB) to glutamate receptors (to the NR2 subunit of NMDA receptors), aAB to S100b and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

Mean Square Deviation of ICP in Prognosis of Severe TBI Outcomes in Children.

Objectives: Prognostic value of intracranial pressure (ICP) is discussed in the recent literature. The aim of our study was to find the parameter that could be representative of ICP variations and might become a good predictor of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes in children.

Materials And Methods: The study included 81 patients with severe TBI (2004-2014).

Prognosis of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes in Children.

Objectives: We aimed to determine prognostic factors that can influence the outcome of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and sixty-nine patients with severe TBI were included. Consciousness was evaluated using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).

Infrascanner in the diagnosis of intracranial lesions in children with traumatic brain injuries.

Background: The number of traumatic injuries among children is increasing. However, so-called mild TBI might result in unfavourable outcomes. Early diagnosis of intracranial haematomas prior to development of serious complications may be a decisive factor for a favourable outcome.

The Prognostic Scale CRASH in the Treatment of Children with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness and validity of prognostic scale CRASH which is calculated using on-line resources and which may serve as a decision support for physicians in treating severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children. This retrospective study was conducted using clinical and physiological data of 168 hospitalized pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury (GCS score less than or equal to 8). CRASH scale was used for calculating the severity of patients' state and for prognosing death outcomes at 14 days and at 6 months using the on-line resource.

[Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Mitochondrial Function in Children with Traumatic Brain Injury].

Backgraund: It is known that mitochondria play an important role in the mechanisms of brain cells damage and death following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the relationship between the severity of brain damage following TBI and mitochondrial dysfunction are not well defined.

Aim: to study activities of NADN- and succinate dehydrogenases, a key enzyme of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in children with TBI of varying severity and different outcomes; to detect ATP content in lymphocytes; the level of NOx and 3-nitrotyrosine in serum and plasma.

Transsphenoidal surgery of craniopharyngioma: form palliative surgery to radical removal.

The paper presents basic principles of transsphenoidal craniopharyngioma surgery. Stages of methodology development. Steps of methodology development of such operations in the Institute are described--from palliative interventions to the high-tech modern radical surgery with the use of anterior extended approach.

[Autoantibodies to α7-subunit of neuronal acetylcholine receptor in children with traumatic brain injury].

An objective of the study was to search for new biologically significant markers of brain damage. Levels of blood serum autoantibodies (aAB) to different fragments of α7-subunit of acetylcholine receptor (ACR) were studied in children with traumatic brain injury of different severity. The more severe was trauma, the higher was the level of aAB to fragments of α7-subunit of ACR in the first week after trauma.

[S100B protein and autoantibodies to S100B protein in diagnostics of brain damage in craniocerebral trauma in children].

Levels of antibodies AB (AB) to S100B and S100B protein were studied in the blood serum of children with different severity and outcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) from the 1st to 15-75th days after TBI. Severity and outcomes were assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Patients were stratified by outcomes into the following groups: complete recovery (group 1), moderate disability (group 2), high disability (group 3), vegetative state (group 4) and fatal outcome (group 5).

Morphofunctional study of the therapeutic efficacy of human mesenchymal and neural stem cells in rats with diffuse brain injury.

We studied the effect of transplantation of human stem cells from various tissues on reparative processes in the brain of rats with closed craniocerebral injury. Combined treatment with standard drugs and systemic administration of xenogeneic stem cells had a neuroprotective effect. The morphology of neurons rapidly returned to normal after administration of fetal neural stem cells.

Autoantibodies to glutamate receptors and products of nitric oxide metabolism in serum in children in the acute phase of craniocerebral trauma.

Levels of serum autoantibodies (aAb) to glutamate receptors and products of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, i.e., nitrates and nitrites, were assayed in children with recent craniocerebral trauma (CCT) of different levels of severity.

[Autoantibodies to glutamate receptors and metabolic products of nitric oxide in blood serum of children in the acute period of brain trauma].

Autoantibodies (AB) to glutamate receptors of AMPA (Glur1) and NMDA (NR2A) types and nitric oxide metabolites, nitrates and nitrites (NOx), were studied in the blood serum of children with brain trauma of different severity. The level of both AB types increased from the 1st to the 10th day after trauma. The level of NMDA (NR2A) AB was higher comparing to AMPA (Glur1).

Glutamate receptor autoantibody concentrations in children with chronic post-traumatic headache.

We report here studies on the levels of autoantibodies (aAb) to AMPA glutamate receptors (GluR1 subunit) and NMDA glutamate receptors (NR2A subunit) in serum from 60 children aged 7-16 years with chronic posttraumatic headache (CPTHA) following mild craniocerebral trauma (CCT). The first group consisted of 48 children who had sustained cerebral concussion (CC), of which 34 had single-episode CC (subgroup 1a) and 14 had repeated CC (subgroup 1). The second group included 12 children with mild cerebral contusions (MCC).

Morphofunctional study of the therapeutic effect of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in experimental diffuse brain injury in rats.

Effects of systemic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells obtained by culturing of autologous bone marrow on proliferative activity of cells and functional morphology of neurons after diffuse brain injury were studied in Wistar rats. Comparative analysis of the results indicated that systemic injection of mesenchymal stem cells in a syngeneic organism produced proliferotropic, angiogenic, and, presumably, neurotrophic effects. The therapeutic effect visually manifested on day 2 after intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells during the early period of reparative regeneration of ischemic cell and tissue structures of the brain.

[Autoantibodies to glutamate receptors in children with chronic posttraumatic headache].

Autoantibodies (aAB) to AMPA (Glu R1 subunit) and NMDA (NR 2A subunit) glutamate receptors were studied in blood serum of 60 children, aged 7-16 years, with chronic posttraumatic headache after mild skull injury. All the children were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 48 children with concussion of the brain, group 2--12 children with brain contusion. Group 1 was divided into 2 subgroups: subgroup 1a comprised 34 children with single concussion and subgroup 1b--14 children with repeated concussion.