Langerhans Cells Directly Interact with Resident T Cells in the Human Epidermis.

Adult human skin contains nearly twice as many T cells as the peripheral blood, which include tissue-resident memory T cells. However, the precise mechanisms maintaining tissue-resident memory T cells in the healthy skin remain unclear. Using normal human skin samples, we find that Langerhans cells (LCs) contact T cells in the epidermis of the elderly.

luxA Gene From Enhygromyxa salina Encodes a Functional Homodimeric Luciferase.

Several clades of luminescent bacteria are known currently. They all contain similar lux operons, which include the genes luxA and luxB encoding a heterodimeric luciferase. The aldehyde oxygenation reaction is presumed to be catalyzed primarily by the subunit LuxA, whereas LuxB is required for efficiency and stability of the complex.

Differential time series analysis shows deceleration in melanoma mortality prior to the widespread use of highly effective therapies.

Background: Although the recent drop in melanoma mortality has been attributed to the introduction of newer therapies, the impact of ongoing public efforts remains unknown.

Objective: Characterize and model melanoma mortality trends before the era of molecular and immune therapies (1969-2014) in the U.S.

Multi-organ immune-related adverse events from immune checkpoint inhibitors and their downstream implications: a retrospective multicohort study.

Background: Understanding co-occurrence patterns and prognostic implications of immune-related adverse events is crucial for immunotherapy management. However, previous studies have been limited by sample size and generalisability. In this study, we leveraged a multi-institutional cohort and a population-level database to investigate co-occurrence patterns of and survival outcomes after multi-organ immune-related adverse events among recipients of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Oscillations of Hemodynamic Parameters Induced by Negative Pressure Breathing in Healthy Humans.

Negative pressure breathing is breathing with decreased pressure in the respiratory tract without lowering pressure acting on the torso. We lowered air pressure only during inspiration (NPBin). NPBin, used to increase venous return to the heart, is considered a countermeasure against redistribution of body fluids toward the head during spaceflight.

Precision Phenotyping for Curating Research Cohorts of Patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) as a Diagnosis of Exclusion.

Scalable identification of patients with the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is challenging due to a lack of reproducible precision phenotyping algorithms and the suboptimal accuracy, demographic biases, and underestimation of the PASC diagnosis code (ICD-10 U09.9). In a retrospective case-control study, we developed a precision phenotyping algorithm for identifying research cohorts of PASC patients, defined as a diagnosis of exclusion.

De novo autoimmune connective tissue disease and mortality in patients treated with anti-programmed death receptor-1 and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 therapy: a population-level cohort study.

Using a population-level cohort analysis, our study demonstrates that, although rare, autoimmune cutaneous connective tissue diseases (AiCTDs) in the setting of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are not associated with a greater risk of mortality and overall approach a statistically significant decrease in mortality when compared with patients treated with ICIs who do not experience cutaneous immune-related adverse events. These findings are significant and highly relevant to dermatologists and oncologists caring for ICI recipients as it adds to the limited information on development of cutaneous AiCTD following ICI administration, for which enhanced understanding is critical to improving the care for this challenging patient population.

Defining D-irAEs: consensus-based disease definitions for the diagnosis of dermatologic adverse events from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

With an increasing number of patients eligible for immune checkpoint inhibitors, the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) is on the rise. Dermatologic immune-related adverse events (D-irAEs) are the most common and earliest to manifest, often with important downstream consequences for the patient. Current guidelines lack clarity in terms of diagnostic criteria for D-irAEs.