[Natural Childbirth after the Previous Caesarian Section is a Solved Problem].

Тhe rapid increase in the frequency of сesarian section (CS) observed in recent years (up to 60% in some countries) is alarming and reduces the reproductive potential of the population. The operated uterus remains the main indication for CS (up to 40%). This is the factor which may allow reducing the frequency of the CS by subsequent delivering through the birth canal.

Shallow carbon storage in ancient buried thermokarst in the South Kara Sea.

Geophysical data from the South Kara Sea reveal U-shaped erosional structures buried beneath the 50-250 m deep seafloor of the continental shelf across an area of ~32 000 km. These structures are interpreted as thermokarst, formed in ancient yedoma terrains during Quaternary interglacial periods. Based on comparison to modern yedoma terrains, we suggest that these thermokarst features could have stored approximately 0.

[Effects of prenatal influences of buspirone and stress on indices of inflammatory pain response and depressive behaviour in adult rats].

New data on complex realization of anxiolytic, antidepressive and antinociceptive effects of prenatal injections of a 5-HT1A agonist buspirone were obtained in prenatally stressed adult rats. Buspirone was injected to female rats from the 9th to 21st days of pregnancy; during the last week of pregnancy buspirone was injected 10 min before immobilization stress. In the adult offspring of both sexes, behavioral indices of tonic pain response in the formalin test and the indices of depression in the forced swim test were investigated.

Interrelationship between measures of pain reactions in inflammation and levels of depression in prenatally stressed rat pups.

The interrelationship between measures of pain reactions (number of flexion + shaking patterns) in the formalin test and the level of depression (duration of immobility) in the forced swimming (Porsolt) test was studied in prenatally stressed rat pups aged 7-8 days. Two series of experiments were performed, with different sequences of tests separated by intervals of one day. In the first series of experiments, the Porsolt test was performed first; in the second series, the formalin test was performed before forced swimming.

[Infants stage of rat development in behavioral parameters of depression-like state and pain response].

In the 7-8- and the 10-11-day old male rat pups born to dams exposed to an immobilization stress for the last week of pregnancy and to the dams exposed to no stress (control), behavioral parameters were studied: the level of depression in the test of forced swimming (the Porsolt's test) and 24 h after a long pain response during inflammation (the formalin test--a subcutaneous injection of 2.5% formalin into the hind leg plantar pad). In control pups, significant age-related changes in the forced swimming were revealed: the immobility time was longer in animals of the older age group, whereas no age differences were found in parameters of the persistent inflammatory pain and in flexing + shaking behavior.

[Back pain: clinical and therapeutic aspects].

Causes of vertebrogenic back pain are described. Differential diagnosis in this condition is important as visceral pathology may underlie the pain syndrome. Algorithm of the patient examination is given.

[Relationships between indices of persistent inflammatory pain response and the level of depression in prenatally stressed rats].

Relationships between behavioral indices of inflammatory pain response (the number of flexes + shakes) in the formalin test and the level of depression in forced swim in Porsolt test (immobility time) were investigated in 7-8-day-old male Wistar rats born to the dams exposed during the last week of pregnancy to immobilization stress. Two series of experiments differed in sequence of two testing procedures given 24 hr apart. In the first series of experiments Porsolt test was the first, in the second series, the formalin test preceded forced swim.

[Protective effect of lornoxicam on development of myocardial infarction in rats under conditions of ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion].

Activation of inflammation and enzyme cyclooxygenase with formation of proinflammatory prostaglandins is a key element of development of myocardial infarction in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Basing on literature data and own experience we suggested that single intravenous injection of 230 mg/kg of nonselective inhibitor of type 1 and 2 cyclooxygenase lornaxicam in the phase of initialization of inflammation 20 min after onset of ischemia would lead to reduction of myocardial infarction volume in rats in irreversible ischemia and ischemia with subsequent reperfusion. The conducted study allowed to reveal that administration of lornoxicam in recommended for human use dose lowered mortality of animals and increased number of capillaries per one cardiomyocyte in case of irreversible coronary artery occlusion.

[Protein glycosylation in the spores of the microsporidia Paranosema (Antonospora) grylli].

Long adaptation of microsporidia, a large group of fungi-related protozoa, to intracellular lifestyle has resulted in drastic minimization of a parasite cell. Thus, diversity of carbohydrates in microsporidia glycoproteins and proteoglycans is expected to be restricted by O-linked manno-oligosaccharides because three genes involved in O-mannosylation of proteins and no components of N-linked glycosylation machinery were found in genome of human pathogen Encephalitozoon cuniculi. In this study we investigated glycosylation of spore proteins of microsporidia Paranosema (Antonospora) grylli infecting crickets Gryllus bimaculatus.

Analogs of the Golgi complex in microsporidia: structure and avesicular mechanisms of function.

Microsporidia are obligatory intracellular parasites, most species of which live in the host cell cytosol. They synthesize and then transport secretory proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane for formation of the spore wall and the polar tube for cell invasion. However, microsporidia do not have a typical Golgi complex.

Immunocytochemical identification of the major exospore protein and three polar-tube proteins of the microsporidia Paranosema grylli.

Microsporidia are intracellular eukaryotic parasites that can infect a wide range of animal hosts with several genera causing opportunistic infections in immunodeficient patients. Their spore wall and their unique extrusion apparatus, which has the form of a long polar tube, confer resistance of these parasites against the environment and during host-cell invasion. In contrast to parasites of vertebrates, the spore-wall and polar-tube proteins of many microsporidia species still remain to be characterized, even though a great number of microsporidia infect invertebrates.

The spore wall and polar tube proteins of the microsporidian Nosema grylli: the major spore wall protein is released before spore extrusion.

Incubation of Nosema grylli spores in alkaline--saline solution (10 mM KOH, 170 mM KCl) leads to solubilization of the major spore wall protein of 40 kDa (p40). Both the compounds of this solution are crucial for p40 solubilization. After spore incubation in 170 mM KCl no proteins were released in the medium.

[Trehalose catabolism in microsporidia Nosema grylli spores].

Some differences in trehalose catabolism were found for terrestrial and aquatic microsporidian species (Undeen, Van der Meer, 1999). In microsporidia species from aquatic hosts, the spore extrusion causes the intrasporal trehalose hydrolysis by trehalase that is followed by the drastic rise of reducing sugars (glucose) concentration. On the contrary, in tested terrestrial microsporidian species, total and reducing sugars remain unchanged through the germination.

[Peculiarities of metabolism of the microsporidia Nosema grylli during the intracellular development].

A long adaptation of Microsporidia to intracellular development supposes the host-derived ATP dependence of merogony and sporogony stages. To prove this assumption the activities of ten carbohydrate and energy metabolism enzymes were compared in the microsporidia Nosema grylli intracellular stages and mature spores. This species infects the fat body of crickets Gryllus bimaculatus.

[A multifunctional microcomputer pattern-stimulator].

The authors review a complex of the hardware and software for the design of an automated multi-functional pattern-stimulator based on a microprocessor KR1810BM86A with a possibility of exercising remote control via the RS-232C channel and autonomous work controlled by a built-in keyboard and a matrix display. The stimulator is capable of forming multi-pattern stimulation images with angular resolution of one element of the eye retina as well as of performing different stimulation types within a wide range of intensities and colours. The software of the stimulator represents a multi-task operative system in the real time mode.

[Analysis and correction of errors of the rejector filtration of electroretinographic signals].

The analysis is made of the distortions of the informative electroretinographic (ERG) signal by the rejector filter, suppressing the network background. The recommended choice for the optimal filter parameters are resulting from the criteria on minimizing the integral standard deviations of the informative ERG signal filtration results. The proposed method for the correction of the amplitude/time ERG signal, which allows one to reduce the integral square error of the rejector filtration up to 1-3%.

[Evaluation of the dynamic stress and quality of intraocular lenses].

Dynamic centrifugal loads exerted by intraocular lenses (IOL) on the ocular tissues during eye movements are studied, and the estimates of the quality of IOLs made of different materials are derived as a function of the density and the refraction index. The increase in the mass of IOLs may be observed under dynamic centrifugal loads depending upon the material, dimensions and the techniques of IOL fixation. The relation between the material quality and its density and refraction index is found thus facilitating the estimation of various materials for IOL manufacture.