Central Nervous System Fungal Infections in Children With Leukemia and Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Background: Central nervous system fungal infections (CNSFI) are seen in patients with hematologic malignancies and have high morbidity and mortality. Because of their rarity, there is limited data on CNSFI in children with no established treatment protocols or guidelines.

Materials And Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, 51 pediatric patients with leukemia, 6 of whom had undergone bone marrow transplantation, with proven or probable CNSFI were evaluated.

Identification of candidate genes in a family with cancer overload by whole-exome sequencing.

Background: Approximately 120 out of every 1 million children in the world develop cancer each year. In Turkey, 2500-3000 children are diagnosed with new cancer each year. The causes of childhood cancer have been studied for many years.

Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Female Genital Tract: Association with Pathogenic DICER1 Variation, Clinicopathological Features, and Outcomes.

Study Objective: Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs) of the female genital tract (FGT) have been recently shown to be associated with germline pathogenic variation in DICER1, which can underlie a tumor predisposition disorder. We sought to determine the incidence of a pathogenic variation in DICER1 in a cohort of RMSs of the FGT, as well as to evaluate the clinicopathological features and outcomes of the patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTIONS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of the patients diagnosed with RMS of the FGT between 1990 and 2019.

Lymphoma Predisposing Gene in an Extended Family: CD70 Signaling Defect.

Genome-wide sequencing studies in pediatric cancer cohorts indicate that about 10% of patients have germline mutations within cancer predisposition genes. Within this group, primary immune deficiencies take the priority regarding the vulnerability of the patients to infectious agents and the difficulties of cancer management. On the other hand, early recognition of these diseases may offer specific targeted therapies and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as an option.

Children with malignant melanoma: a single center experience from Turkey.

Aim: Malignant melanoma is the most frequent skin cancer in children and adolescents. It comprises 1-3% of all malignancies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical aspects, histopathologic features, and treatment outcomes of our patients with malignant melanoma.

Nimotuzumab-containing regimen for pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas: a retrospective multicenter study and review of the literature.

Purpose: Nimotuzumab is an IgG1 antibody that targets epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Overexpression of EGFR is detected in some pediatric brain tumors including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG)s.

Methods: Since May 2010, nimotuzumab, combined with carboplatin or vinorelbine or Temozolomide (TMZ), was administered during progressive disease (PD) after the use of the institutional protocol consisting of radiotherapy (RT) + TMZ and adjuvant TMZ.

Osteosarcoma of the rib: A rare presentation.

In children and adolescents with chest pain and dyspnea, pneumonia, pleural effusion, and empyema are the frequent causes in the differential diagnosis. Malignant tumors of the chest wall are rare and most originate from the ribs. In children, the most frequent malignant tumor of the rib is Ewing's sarcoma.

Simultaneous Presentation of Wilms' Tumor and Contralateral Ganglioneuroma in a Child: Case Report and Literature Review.

We demonstrate a 4-year-old girl who presented with progressive, asymmetrical, firm abdominal distention and was diagnosed with synchronous Wilms' tumor and left para-aortic ganglioneuroma (GN). Although synchronous tumors in the pediatric population are commonly associated with malignancy-predisposing syndromes, the patient in question was found to be otherwise healthy and had no clinical evidence nor family history of a syndrome. This case is the second one in the literature diagnosed with synchronous presentation of Wilms' tumor and GN in a previously healthy child.

Osteosarcoma After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children and Adolescents: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Osteosarcoma as a secondary malignancy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is very rare. We present a case and review of 18 other cases reported to date. Our patient underwent HSCT for myelodysplastic syndrome at the age of 4 years.

A rare tumor of nasal bone in a child: osteoblastoma.

Benign osteoblastoma is an uncommon bone tumor, representing 1% of all benign tumors and 3% of all primary bone tumors. Intranasal or paranasal osteoblastoma is particularly rare. Osteoblastoma occurs more frequently in males, at a peak age between 10 and 20 years.