Review of evidence for environmental causes of uveal coloboma.

Uveal coloboma is a condition defined by missing ocular tissues and is a significant cause of childhood blindness. It occurs from a failure of the optic fissure to close during embryonic development and may lead to missing parts of the iris, ciliary body, retina, choroid, and optic nerve. Because there is no treatment for coloboma, efforts have focused on prevention.

RGC and Vision Loss From Traumatic Optic Neuropathy Induced by Repetitive Closed Head Trauma Is Dependent on Timing and Force of Impact.

Purpose: Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is often caused by blunt head trauma and has no currently effective treatment. Common animal models of TON induced by surgical crush injury are plagued by variability and do not mimic typical mechanisms of TON injury. Traumatic head impact models have recently shown evidence of TON, but the degree of head impact necessary to consistently induce TON is not well characterized, and it is examined here.

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of integrin subtype expression in melanocytes and melanoma cells.

Changes in the integrin expression pattern have been associated with the malignant transformation of melanocytes suggesting that integrins may be potential biomarkers as well as molecular targets for individualized therapy. Since there is a lack of comprehensive qualitative and quantitative expression data, we characterized the integrin expression profile in normal and malignant human cells of the melanocytic lineage. Seven melanoma cell lines as well as normal human melanocytes were investigated in western blots including recombinant integrin subunits for quantification.

UVEAL METASTASIS BASED ON PATIENT AGE IN 1,111 PATIENTS: Comparison of Clinical Features and Outcomes Per Age Category.

Purpose: To evaluate clinical features and survival outcomes of uveal metastasis based on patient age.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients with uveal metastasis evaluated on the Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA between February 1, 1974 and June 1, 2017. The features and outcomes were analyzed based on patient age classified as children (0-20 years), young adults (21-40 years), middle [aged] adults (41-60 years), older adults (61-80 years) and senior adults (81-100 years).

Management of retinoblastoma in older children (>5 years) using intra-arterial chemotherapy: Comparison of outcomes to prechemotherapy and intravenous chemotherapy eras.

Purpose: Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) has emerged as an effective treatment for retinoblastoma (RB) however, little information exists regarding its use in older patients (>5 years). In the present study, we evaluate the use of IAC (2008-2018) for RB in older patients and compare the outcomes to those in the prechemotherapy (<1994) and intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) (1994-2007) eras.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients older than 5 years treated with IAC for RB from 2008-2018.

Uveal metastasis in 1111 patients: Interval to metastasis and overall survival based on timing of primary cancer diagnosis.

Purpose: To evaluate interval between primary cancer diagnosis and uveal metastasis and assess survival outcomes based on whether the primary cancer was diagnosed before or after uveal metastasis.

Methods: In this retrospective analysis, all patients with uveal metastasis evaluated on the Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA between February 1, 1974 and June 1, 2017 were included. Features and outcomes based on timing of primary cancer diagnosis, whether before or after diagnosis of uveal metastasis, were assessed.

Correction: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 induced resistance to radiation therapy in colorectal cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12099.

Uveal Metastasis Based on Patient Sex in 2214 Tumors of 1111 Patients. A Comparison of Female Versus Male Clinical Features and Outcomes.

Background: Lacking in previous studies on uveal metastasis is a robust statistical comparison of patient demographics, tumor features, and overall survival based on patient sex.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate demographics, clinical features, and overall survival of patients with uveal metastasis based on sex.

Method: This is a retrospective analysis.

Osteosarcoma of the jaw - experience at the Medical University Vienna and comparative study with international tumor registries.

Objectives: Osteosarcoma of the jaw (OSAJ) is fundamentally different in clinical practice from its peripheral counterparts. Studies are difficult to conduct due to low incidence rates. The primary aim of this study was to provide for the first time a comprehensive retrospective analysis of the treatment concepts and outcome data of OSAJ patients treated at the University Hospital Vienna and to compare these with two recently published studies on OSAJ.

Choroidal amelanotic tumours: clinical differentiation of benign from malignant lesions in 5586 cases.

Purpose: To investigate demographics and clinical features of patients with amelanotic choroidal tumours.

Design: Retrospective analysis.

Methods: Comparison of demographic and clinical features of various amelanotic choroidal tumours based on stratification by patient age, sex and tumour diameter.

Prognostic value of advanced lung cancer inflammation index in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) is a useful tool for prediction of outcome in several malignancies. However, to date, its significance in head and neck cancer patients has not been evaluated.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 93 patients who were diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and treated with surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy between 2002 and 2012.

Experience in Intra-arterial Chemotherapy using Two Protocols for the Treatment of OSCC over Two Decades at the University Hospital Vienna.

Objectives: This retrospective study performed a comprehensive analysis of the usage of intra-arterial chemotherapy (iaCh) for locally recurrent UICC stage IV oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) over two decades at the Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery at the University Hospital Vienna to assess the utility of its future use.

Methods: Between 1994 and 2014, iaCh was indicated in 48 OSCC cases. In these, the two most frequent iaCh schemes, cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (Cis/5-FU) and methotrexate/bleomycin (MTX/Bleo), were chosen for further analysis.

FGF8 induces therapy resistance in neoadjuvantly radiated rectal cancer.

Purpose: Therapy response to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (nRCT) of locally advanced rectal cancer varies widely so that markers predicting response are urgently needed. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling is involved in pro-survival signaling and thereby may result in radiation resistance.

Methods: In a cohort of 43 rectal cancer patients, who received nRCT, we analyzed protein levels of FGF 8 and its downstream target Survivin by immunohistochemistry to assess their impact on nRCT response.

Uveal Metastasis: Clinical Features and Survival Outcome of 2214 Tumors in 1111 Patients Based on Primary Tumor Origin.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate patients with uveal metastasis based on primary tumor site.

Methods: Retrospective analysis from Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA, for uveal metastasis clinical features and outcomes based on the primary tumor site.

Results: There were 2214 uveal metastases diagnosed in 1111 consecutive patients.

Comparative Analysis of Clinical and Pathological Lymph Node Staging Data in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated at the General Hospital Vienna.

Background: Results from publications evaluating discrepancies between clinical staging data in relation to pathological findings demonstrate that a significant number of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients are not correctly staged. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze potential discrepancies of radiological assessment versus pathological data of regional lymph node involvement and to compare the results with data published in the literature.

Patients And Methods: In a retrospective analysis we focused on patients with HNSCC routinely treated by surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy between 2002 and 2012.

Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology (LBC ONC): first 10 years and future perspectives.

In 2008 the Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology (LBC ONC) was established on the basis of two previous Ludwig Boltzmann Institutes working in the field of hematology and cancer research. The general aim of the LBC ONC is to improve treatment of hematopoietic neoplasms by eradicating cancer-initiating and disease-propagating cells, also known as leukemic stem cells (LSC) in the context of leukemia. In a first phase, the LBC ONC characterized the phenotype and molecular aberration profiles of LSC in various malignancies.

PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in HNSCC primary cancer and related lymph node metastasis - impact on clinical outcome.

Aims: Expression profiles and clinical impact of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expressing tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are not elucidated fully. This study evaluates expression patterns in primary HNSCC and related lymph node metastasis and the impact on patients' clinical outcome.

Methods And Results: Immunohistochemical staining patterns of PD-L1 and PD-1 were evaluated in 129 specimens of primary HNSCC and 77 lymph node metastases.

ÖGRO survey on radiotherapy capacity in Austria : Status quo and estimation of future demands.

Background: A comprehensive evaluation of the current national and regional radiotherapy capacity in Austria with an estimation of demands for 2020 and 2030 was performed by the Austrian Society for Radiation Oncology, Radiobiology and Medical Radiophysics (ÖGRO).

Materials And Methods: All Austrian centers provided data on the number of megavoltage (MV) units, treatment series, fractions, percentage of retreatments and complex treatment techniques as well as the daily operating hours for the year 2014. In addition, waiting times until the beginning of radiotherapy were prospectively recorded over the first quarter of 2015.

P16 positivity and regression grade predict survival after neoadjuvant radiotherapy of OSCC.

Objectives: Survival after preoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer is associated with pathological response. The prognostic importance of p16 expression in these patients has not been established yet.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-seven patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, treated preoperatively with radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy or cetuximab, were included in this retrospective analysis.

A 5‑year update of patients with HPV positive versus negative oropharyngeal cancer after radiochemotherapy in Austria.

Background: After publishing promising results for the treatment of patients with human papilloma virus (HPV) positive oropharyngeal cancer with radiochemotherapy regarding 2‑year survival, we present an update of the disease-specific and disease-free survival after 5 years.

Patients And Methods: A total of 29 patients of which 18 were HPV negative and 11 HPV positive with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx received radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy (cisplatin) or immunotherapy (cetuximab) between 2007 and 2009. At time of the present analysis, six patients are still alive including four with HPV positive and two with HPV negative oropharyngeal carcinoma, while 15 out of 16 patients with HPV negative tumors died and 1 died of another cause with evidence of disease.

CENP-A Modifications on Ser68 and Lys124 Are Dispensable for Establishment, Maintenance, and Long-Term Function of Human Centromeres.

CENP-A is a histone H3 variant key to epigenetic specification of mammalian centromeres. Using transient overexpression of CENP-A mutants, two recent reports in Developmental Cell proposed essential centromere functions for post-translational modifications of human CENP-A. Phosphorylation at Ser68 was proposed to have an essential role in CENP-A deposition at centromeres.