Short-term effects of 1-nitropyrene on chromosomes and on oncogene/tumor suppressor gene expression in vivo.

In order to establish an animal model testing the effects of 1-nitropyrene in vivo at the oncogene level, we investigated the early biological effects of 1-nitropyrene in mice. The treatment of 6-8 week-old CBA/Ca mice with a single 30 mumol/kg body weight dose of 1-nitropyrene caused a significant increase in chromosome aberrations 48 hours after exposure. The aberrations were mainly of the euploid type.

Acute and "long-term" genotoxic effects of CdCl2 on testes of mice.

The effects of Cd administered ip in a single carcinogenic dose (1 mg Cd/kg body weight) into male CFLP mice were investigated on the histological and cytogenetic status of the testes of the animals on d 3 and 6 mo after the Cd injection. There were some characteristic histological changes in the testes of the mice on d 3 after Cd treatment: the presence of interstitial hemorrhages, the death of Leydig cells, sterile necroses of tubular elements, and numerous atypical mitoses of the spermatocytes. A significant increase compared with the control was found only in the number of numerical chromosome aberrations in the Cd-treated group.

Chromosome examinations on six-hour cultures of unstimulated peripheral blood from some patients with childhood leukemia.

Six-hour cultures of unstimulated peripheral blood cells from patients with various types of childhood leukemias were examined for chromosome karyotypes. It was found that this method was suitable for the detection of characteristic chromosomal abnormalities in two cases of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemias (ANLL; FAB types M3 and M6) and in a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), but not in acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL). The results suggest the usefulness of this simple method (possibly in combination with the thymidine boost technique of Yunis) in the cytogenetic diagnosis of some types of leukemias.

Increased number of chromosome aberrations in the peripheral blood culture of a retinoblastoma patient.

Chromosome studies were performed on blood lymphocytes from an eight-year-old patient whose left eye had been enucleated earlier because of retinoblastoma. GTG-banded karyotypes showed both numerical and structural chromosome aberrations, and the number of the patient's lymphocytes with chromosome aberration increased. It was concluded that retinoblastoma survivors need continuous control because of the increased risk of second primary tumors.

Inhibition of lung damage caused by paraquat with lymphokines or cytokines.

Gramoxone, containing paraquat as an active ingredient can cause severe lung injury in both humans and experimental animals. Biologically active fibroblast-stimulating factors produced by lymphocytes and macrophages may be of importance in the development of interstitial fibrosis. In our present study we have attempted to inhibit the process of paraquat induced lung fibrosis by lymphokine-enriched supernatants from concanavalin A stimulated spleen cell cultures.

Chromosome changes in a brain metastasis of a large cell lung cancer.

Direct chromosome preparations were made on a brain metastasis of a large cell lung cancer from a 46-year-old female patient. In the 169 cells examined, the modal chromosomes number was 73, and the majority (53.2%) of mitoses were in the near-triploid region.

Chromosome examinations on a six-hour culture of unstimulated peripheral blood from a patient with childhood erythroleukaemia.

A six-hour culture of unstimulated peripheral blood from a patient with childhood erythroleukaemia was examined for chromosome karyotype. The characteristic chromosomal abnormalities of erythroleukaemia del (5q) and monosomy 7 were found in this case together with a marker chromosome and other chromosomal abnormalities. The results suggest the usefulness of this simple method in the cytogenetic diagnosis of some types of leukaemias.

Miller-Dieker syndrome and monosomy 17p13: a new case.

A 12-year-old boy is described with multiple anomalies and a de novo terminal deletion of 17p13. Based on clinical examination, the Miller-Dieker syndrome was diagnosed.

A noninvasive method for determination of the sex and karyotype of the fetus from the maternal blood.

The noninvasive method presented, using an "air culturing" technique, is capable of enriching for fetal cells in lymphocyte cultures of maternal blood. Through a combination of Y-body fluorescence and chromosomal heteromorphisms in the maternal blood, the fetal cells can be detected and used for the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and the sex of the fetus in both the first and the second halves of pregnancy.

Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte-conditioned medium induces differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells in vitro.

Six-day cultures of FCS and PHA-LCM-stimulated whole blood from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) were examined for differential cell count and chromosome karyotypes. It was found that both FCS and PHA-LCM could induce partial leukemic cell differentiation and maturation to macrophage in vitro, while PHA-LCM caused lymphocyte proliferation too. The absolute number of atypical blasts and neutrophils decreased in all 6-day cultures.

The effect of paraquat lung on mononuclear cells.

The mouse footpad swelling test was used to clarify the possibility of the induction of local cellular reaction with cell suspension of mouse lungs treated with paraquat in a syngeneous animal. Among the inbred strains used, the highest, statistically significant cellular reactivity was observed in C3H/He strain mice. These results suggest indirect evidence of macrophage activation in the lung toxicity of paraquat.

A new translocation t(1;4;11) in congenital acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (acute myeloblastic leukemia).

A new translocation t(1;11;4)(1pter----1p32::11q23----11q13::4p16--- -4qter) was found in the peripheral blood of a patient with congenital acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). It was concluded that this translocation may represent a new mutation, which caused the leukemia with very high leukocytosis, hepatosplenomegaly, leukemic infiltration of the majority of the organs, and a very poor prognosis.

The preventive effect of prednisolone on the adrenal toxicity of cadmium.

The effects of a single dose of 3.3 mg/kg body weight i.p.

The effect of prednisolone on the foetotoxicity of cadmium in pregnant mice.

The effects of prednisolone was investigated on the foetotoxicity of cadmium. CFLP female mice were given a single i.p.

Comparative chromosome examination of AKR mouse lymphoma after its i.p. transplantation with thymus- or spleen-derived lymphoma cells into hybrid mice.

A spontaneous AKR female mouse lymphoma was transplanted with its thymus cell suspension (10(6) cells i.p.) into AKR female mice.

Spontaneous lymphoma in an AKR mouse with dominance of 42 chromosomes.

The chromosome content of the lymphoma cells derived from various organ manifestations of an AKR female mouse with spontaneous lymphoma was investigated. It was found that the lymphoma cells were heterogeneous and the dominant subpopulation of the lymphoma cells contained 42 chromosomes. At least 8 subpopulations of the lymphoma were detected at the karyotype analysis, from which the 41XX; +15; 41XX; +18; 42XX; +15, +18 and 44XX; +5, +8, +15, +18 karyotypes were the most frequent aberrations.

Histologic and cytogenetic effects of redentin on the spermiogenesis and bone marrow cells of the mouse, an in vivo experiment.

The chromosomes in bone marrow cells and spermatocytes of Redentin (1 X 20 mg/kg, po)-treated CFLP strain male mice were examined. Spermiogenesis was checked histologically. On the basis of the results, it can be stated that Redentin, at this experimental dosage, did not induce chromosome aberrations nor did it damage spermiogenesis.

Chromosomal aberrations and fetotoxic effects of atmospheric arsenic exposure in mice.

Fetal chromosomal damage and toxicity were investigated in mice exposed to the atmospheric concentrations of 28.5 mg m-3, 2.9 mg m-3 and 0.

Examinations concerning the development of lymphoma following transplantation i.p. of AKR mouse lymphoma cells into hybrid mice.

Authors used a mouse lymphoma line--originated from a spontaneous AKR lymphoma--for serial transplantation into AKR mice. The homogenizate of the thymoma was always transplanted i.p.

Additional data on the mutagenic effect of dinitro-o-cresol-containing herbicides.

In in vivo experiments in mice it was studied, on the one hand, whether 1 year after treatment with dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC)-containing herbicide it was possible to detect any increase in chromosome aberrations in the bone marrow cells of the mouse, and on the other hand, to learn the frequency of chromosome aberrations in the subsequent generations when the treatment of the male animals with DNOC-containing herbicide was continued in each generation and when it was discontinued before mating. The chromosome aberrations of the bone marrow cells of the treated mice were demonstrated even 1 year after the treatment. After the treatment of the male animals was continued in each subsequent generation, the chromosome aberrations in the embryos increased, whereas when it was discontinued, it decreased in the subsequent generations.