Impact of intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring on minimally invasive esophagectomy outcomes for esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Esophagectomy and lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer carry an inherent risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury. Intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) may help prevent RLN damage, though evidence on its effectiveness is still limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of IONM during minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) for esophageal cancer.

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy vs Chemoradiotherapy for Malignancy of Esophagus: A Prospective Comparative Study.

Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT) followed by surgery has become the standard of care for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study compared the tolerability and oncological benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with those of NACRT for the treatment of ESCC.

Methods: A prospective quasi-experimental comparative study was conducted from July 2019 to August 2023 to assess the efficacy of the NACT regimen of two cycles of paclitaxel and carboplatin as an alternative to standard NACRT.

Robotic versus open pancreatoduodenectomy for periampullary neoplasm: a propensity matched analysis of peri-operative and oncologic outcomes.

Introduction: Though open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) is the gold standard, robotic pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD) is on the rise due to its technical ease with robotic armamentarium and claim to decrease morbidity in the perioperative period. This study compares the perioperative and oncologic outcomes of RPD performed for periampullary neoplasms (PANs) with OPD.

Method: This is a retrospective study conducted from January 2018 to December 2023 for all the patients who underwent either OPD or RPD for PANs.

Modulation of Plet1 expression by N-Acetylglucosamine through the IL-17 A-MAPK pathway in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model.

Psoriasis (Ps) is a chronic inflammatory disorder marked by skin plaque formation, driven by immune dysregulation and genetic factors. Despite the available treatments, incidence of Ps is increasing in the dermatology patients. Novel strategies are crucial due to current treatment limitations.

Diagnostic performance of F-18 FDG PET/CT in differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the utility of F-18 FDG PET/CT in the non-invasive diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and differentiating it from pancreatic cancer (CaP) based on the amount and pattern of FDG uptake, as well as involvement of extra-pancreatic sites.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Only those studies that compared the findings of F-18 FDG PET/CT in terms of SUVmax, pattern of FDG uptake and presence of FDG-avid extra-pancreatic sites in both AIP and CaP were included.

Salivary autoantibodies to type I IFNs: Mirror plasma levels, predispose to severe COVID-19, and enhance feasibility for clinical screening.

Background: Autoantibodies have been demonstrated to dampen the interferon (IFN) response in viral infections. Elevated levels of these preexisting autoantibodies (aAbs) decrease basal interferon levels, increasing susceptibility to severe infections.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of type I IFN aAbs in both plasma and saliva from COVID-19 patients, analyze their neutralizing activity, and examine their associations with clinical outcomes, including the need for mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality.

Impact of nasogastric tube exclusion after minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a single-center retrospective study in India.

Purpose: This study examines the impacts of omitting nasogastric tube (NGT) placement following cervical esophagogastric anastomosis (CEGA) in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols, comparing outcomes to those from early NGT removal.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort of esophagectomy patients treated for esophageal cancer, participants were divided into two groups: group 1 had the NGT inserted post-CEGA and removed by postoperative day 3, while group 2 underwent the procedure without NGT placement. We primarily investigated anastomotic leak rates, also analyzing hospital stay duration, pulmonary complications, and NGT reinsertion.

Unraveling the gut-Lung axis: Exploring complex mechanisms in disease interplay.

The link between gut and lung starts as early as during organogenesis. Even though they are anatomically distinct, essential bidirectional crosstalk via complex mechanisms supports GLA. Emerging studies have demonstrated the association of gut and lung diseases via multifaceted mechanisms.

Intestinal macrophages in pathogenesis and treatment of gut leakage: current strategies and future perspectives.

Macrophages play key roles in tissue homeostasis, defense, disease, and repair. Macrophages are highly plastic and exhibit distinct functional phenotypes based on micro-environmental stimuli. In spite of several advancements in understanding macrophage biology and their different functional phenotypes in various physiological and pathological conditions, currently available treatment strategies targeting macrophages are limited.

Alveolar macrophage-expressed Plet1 is a driver of lung epithelial repair after viral pneumonia.

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection mobilizes bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) that gradually undergo transition to tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (TR-AM) in the inflamed lung. Combining high-dimensional single-cell transcriptomics with complex lung organoid modeling, in vivo adoptive cell transfer, and BMDM-specific gene targeting, we found that transitioning ("regenerative") BMDM and TR-AM highly express Placenta-expressed transcript 1 (Plet1). We reveal that Plet1 is released from alveolar macrophages, and acts as important mediator of macrophage-epithelial cross-talk during lung repair by inducing proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells and re-sealing of the epithelial barrier.

Vascular tumors of the liver: A brief review.

Vascular tumors of the liver are mesenchymal lesions from endothelial cells. They range from common benign lesions such as haemangioma, intermediate tumors like Kaposi sarcoma, and perivascular epithelioid cell tumor to malignant tumors such as hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and hepatic angiosarcoma in adults. Pediatric vascular tumors of the liver also include benign, locally aggressive, borderline, and malignant masses with haemangiomas being the most common benign tumors and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma being an uncommon pediatric malignancy.

Increased blood immune regulatory cells in severe COVID-19 with autoantibodies to type I interferons.

The hallmark of severe COVID-19 is an uncontrolled inflammatory response, resulting from poorly understood immunological dysfunction. While regulatory T (Treg) and B (Breg) cells, as the main elements of immune homeostasis, contribute to the control of hyperinflammation during COVID-19 infection, we hypothesized change in their levels in relation to disease severity and the presence of autoantibodies (auto-Abs) to type I IFNs. Cytometric analysis of blood of 62 COVID-19 patients with different severities revealed an increased proportion of conventional (cTreg; CD25FoxP3) and unconventional (uTreg; CD25FoxP3) Tregs, as well as the LAG3 immune suppressive form of cTreg/uTreg, in the blood of severe COVID-19 cases compared to the milder, non-hospitalized cases.

Thoracoscopy-Assisted Esophagectomy for Esophageal Leiomyomatosis.

Introduction: Diffuse esophageal leiomyomatosis is a rare esophageal tumor characterized by circumferential thickening of smooth muscle layers of the entire esophagus. CLINICAL CASE: Herein, we describe the case of a 19-year-old girl, who presented with a history of long-standing dysphagia. On evaluation she was found to have diffuse esophageal leiomyomatosis and was managed successfully by thoracoscopy-assisted esophagectomy with intra-nodal indocyanine green injection.

Allergic Airway Inflammation Emerges from Gut Inflammation and Leakage in Mouse Model of Asthma.

Asthma is an allergic airway inflammatory disease characterized by type 2 immune responses. Growing evidence suggests an association between allergic airways and intestinal diseases. However, the primary site of disease origin and initial mechanisms involved in the development of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) is not yet understood.

Open injury, robotic repair-moving ahead! Total robotic Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for post-open cholecystectomy Bismuth type 2 biliary stricture using indocyanine green dye.

Hepaticojejunostomy is currently the best treatment for post-cholecystectomy biliary strictures. Laparoscopic repair has not gained popularity due to difficult reconstruction. We present case of 43-year-old-female with Bismuth type 2 stricture following laparoscopic converted open cholecystectomy with bile duct injury done elsewhere.

Gangliocytic Paraganglioma of the Duodenum: A Masquerader.

Gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) is a rare tumor that most commonly arises from the duodenum and is characterized pathologically by 3 cell types: epithelioid, spindle, and ganglion cells. GP is often difficult to differentiate from a neuroendocrine tumor on the basis of preoperative imaging, and the diagnosis is based on final histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis. We report the case of a 28-year-old male who presented with pain in the abdomen, bilious vomiting, and weight loss.

Carcinosarcoma of the Esophagus-A Diagnostic Challenge.

Esophageal carcinosarcoma is an uncommon histologic variant of esophageal malignancy, occurring in approximately 0.5% to 2.8% of patients.

Nicotine promotes e-cigarette vapour-induced lung inflammation and structural alterations.

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vapour is gaining popularity as an alternative to tobacco smoking and can induce acute lung injury. However, the specific role of nicotine in e-cigarette vapour and its long-term effects on the airways, lung parenchyma and vasculature remain unclear.

Results: exposure to nicotine-containing e-cigarette vapour extract (ECVE) or to nicotine-free e-cigarette vapour extract (NF ECVE) induced changes in gene expression of epithelial cells and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), but ECVE in particular caused functional alterations ( a decrease in human and mouse PASMC proliferation by 29.

Laparoscopic Witzel feeding jejunostomy: a procedure overlooked!

Purpose: Feeding jejunostomy (FJ) is a critical procedure to establish a source of enteral nutrition for upper gastrointestinal disorders. Minimally invasive surgery has the inherent benefit of better patient outcomes, less postoperative pain, and early discharge. This study aims to describe our total laparoscopic technique of Witzel FJ and to compare its outcome with its open counterpart.

Duplicated extrahepatic bile duct (type Vb): An important rare anomaly.

Congenital duplication of the extrahepatic bile duct (DEBD) is an unusual anomaly of the biliary system. It occurs due to inability of the embryological duplex biliary system to regress. DEBD has various subtypes depending on the morphology and opening of the aberrant common bile duct.

A Unified Framework for Monitoring Social Distancing and Face Mask Wearing Using Deep Learning: An Approach to Reduce COVID-19 Risk.

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-COV-2). It has become a pandemic disease of the 21st century, killing many lives. During this pandemic situation, precautious measures like social distancing and wearing face mask are being followed globally to break the COVID chain.