Depression and obesity: Focus on factors and mechanistic links.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is defined as mood disorder causing a persistent loss of interest and despair for two weeks or greater, with related symptoms. Depression can interfere with daily life and can cause those affected to not work, study, eat, sleep, and enjoy previously enjoyed hobbies and life events as they did previously. If untreated, it can become a serious health condition.

Gastric Polyps Detected Incidentally during Gastroscopy and Follow-Up Results.

(1) We aimed to identify the possible relationship between various diseases of the upper digestive system and colon polyps by analyzing patients with gastric polyps and evaluating the cancers and diseases accompanying the polyps. (2) Each patient's age; gender; polyp type and size; presence of (), atrophic gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia; status of whether cancer developed during follow-up; status of whether a colonoscopy was performed or not; and colon pathologies detected during colonoscopy were analyzed retrospectively using hospital records. (3) Between the study dates, 19,214 esophagogastroduodenoscopies were performed in the endoscopy unit of our hospital.

Risk factors for complications after emergency surgery for paediatric appendicitis: a national prospective observational cohort study.

Appendicectomy is a common procedure in children with a low risk of mortality, however, complication rates and risk factors are largely unknown. This study aimed to characterise the incidence and epidemiology of postoperative complications in children undergoing appendicectomy in the UK. This multicentre prospective observational cohort study, which included children aged 1-16 y who underwent surgery for suspected appendicitis, was conducted between November 2019 and January 2022.

Long-Term Outcome of Chest Wall and Diaphragm Repair with Biological Materials.

Introduction:  Chest wall and/or diaphragm reconstruction aims to preserve, restore, or improve respiratory function; conserve anatomical cavities; and upkeep postural and upper extremity support. This can be achieved by utilizing a wide range of different grafts made of synthetic, biological, autologous, or bioartificial materials. We aim to review our experience with decellularized bovine pericardium as graft in the past decade.

Support Provided by Caregivers for Community-Dwelling Obesity Individuals: Focus on Elderly and Hispanics.

Obesity is a chronic disease marked by the buildup of extra adipose tissue and a higher chance of developing concomitant illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and some malignancies. Over the past few decades, there has been a global increase in the prevalence of obesity, which now affects around one-third of the world's population. According to recent studies, a variety of factors, including genetics and biology as well as environmental, physiological, and psychosocial factors, may have a role in the development of obesity.

Stem cells in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease - Promises and pitfalls.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread form of neurodegenerative disorder that causes memory loss and multiple cognitive issues. The underlying mechanisms of AD include the build-up of amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau, synaptic damage, elevated levels of microglia and astrocytes, abnormal microRNAs, mitochondrial dysfunction, hormonal imbalance, and age-related neuronal loss. However, the etiology of AD is complex and involves a multitude of environmental and genetic factors.

Offshore decommissioning horizon scan: Research priorities to support decision-making activities for oil and gas infrastructure.

Thousands of oil and gas structures have been installed in the world's oceans over the past 70 years to meet the population's reliance on hydrocarbons. Over the last decade, there has been increased concern over how to handle decommissioning of this infrastructure when it reaches the end of its operational life. Complete or partial removal may or may not present the best option when considering potential impacts on the environment, society, technical feasibility, economy, and future asset liability.

Current Status of Obesity: Protective Role of Catechins.

Obesity is a growing health concern in today's society. Current estimates indicate that obesity occurs in both adults and young people. Recent research also found that the Hispanic population in the U.

Novel EGFR-mutant mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma reveal adaptive immunity requirement for durable osimertinib response.

Lung cancers bearing oncogenically-mutated EGFR represent a significant fraction of lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) for which EGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) provide a highly effective therapeutic approach. However, these lung cancers eventually acquire resistance and undergo progression within a characteristically broad treatment duration range. Our previous study of EGFR mutant lung cancer patient biopsies highlighted the positive association of a TKI-induced interferon γ transcriptional response with increased time to treatment progression.

Fever of Unknown Origin Reveals a Missed Diagnosis of DiGeorge Syndrome in a 21-Year-Old Female.

DiGeorge syndrome, caused by a microdeletion of the 22q11.2 region of chromosome 22, is a relatively rare condition. This syndrome can be difficult to recognize because a constellation of symptoms show different presentations.

Therapeutics of Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Developments.

With increasing aging, dementia is a growing public health concern globally. Patients with dementia have multiple psychological and behavioral changes, including depression, anxiety, inappropriate behavior, paranoia, agitation, and hallucinations. The major types of dementia are Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VCID), Lewy body dementia (LBD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and mixed dementia (MiAD).

Phosphorylated Tau in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Tauopathies.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in elderly people. Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits and neurofibrillary tangles are the major pathological features in an Alzheimer's brain. These proteins are highly expressed in nerve cells and found in most tissues.

The Role of Obesity and Diabetes in Dementia.

Chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and dementia are increasing in the United States (US) population. Knowledge of these chronic conditions, preventative measures, and proper management tactics is important and critical to preventing disease. The overlap between obesity, diabetes, and dementia is becoming further elucidated.

Deep learning imaging features derived from kidney ultrasounds predict chronic kidney disease progression in children with posterior urethral valves.

Background: We sought to use deep learning to extract anatomic features from postnatal kidney ultrasounds and evaluate their performance in predicting the risk and timing of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression for boys with posterior urethral valves (PUV). We hypothesized that these features would predict CKD progression better than clinical characteristics such as nadir creatinine alone.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of boys with PUV treated at two pediatric health systems from 1990 to 2021.

NGF/TRKA Promotes ADAM17-Dependent Cleavage of P75 in Ovarian Cells: Elucidating a Pro-Tumoral Mechanism.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) and its high-affinity receptor TRKA are overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) displaying a crucial role in the disease progression. Otherwise, NGF interacts with its low-affinity receptor P75, activating pro-apoptotic pathways. In neurons, P75 could be cleaved by metalloproteinases (α and γ-secretases), leading to a decrease in P75 signaling.

Pre-versus postnatal presentation of posterior urethral valves: a multi-institutional experience.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of pre- vs postnatally diagnosed posterior urethral valves (PUV) at two large paediatric centres in North America to ascertain if the prenatal diagnosis of PUV is associated with better outcomes.

Patients And Methods: All boys with PUV were identified at two large paediatric institutions in North America between 2000 and 2020 (The Hospital for Sick Children [SickKids, SK] and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia [CHOP]). Baseline characteristics and outcome measures were compared between those diagnosed pre- vs postnatally.

Surgical treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in Central Europe.

Background: Bronchiectasis is a mostly irreversible bronchial dilatation induced by the destruction of elastic and muscular fibers of the bronchial wall. Surgical treatment is usually reserved for focal disease, and whenever complications, like hemoptysis or secondary aspergilloma, arise. In this study, we report our experience and outcomes in surgical bronchiectasis management between 2016 and 2020.

Posterior Urethral Valves Outcomes Prediction (PUVOP): a machine learning tool to predict clinically relevant outcomes in boys with posterior urethral valves.

Background: Early kidney and anatomic features may be predictive of future progression and need for additional procedures in patients with posterior urethral valve (PUV). The objective of this study was to use machine learning (ML) to predict clinically relevant outcomes in these patients.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with PUV with kidney function measurements at our institution between 2000 and 2020 were included.

REVISTA DE INVESTIGACIóN CLíNICA -CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL INVESTIGATION-: EDITORS' CHOICES 6 YEARS LATER.

In this article, a series of original manuscripts and reviews published between 2015 and 2021 in the Revista de Investigación Clínica -Clinical and Translational Investigation- chosen by the Editors are presented. The articles were selected according to what the editors considered are the most outstanding contributions based on originality, and the potential impact of the information provided on translational medicine, rather than on the number of readings and citations.

Metformin Reduces NGF-Induced Tumour Promoter Effects in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a lethal gynaecological neoplasm characterized by rapid growth and angiogenesis. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and its high affinity receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TRKA) contribute to EOC progression by increasing the expression of c-MYC, survivin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) along with a decrease in microRNAs (miR) 23b and 145. We previously reported that metformin prevents NGF-induced proliferation and angiogenic potential of EOC cells.

Follicle-stimulating hormone promotes nerve growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in epithelial ovarian cells.

Ovarian cancer is the first cause of death for gynecological malignances in developed countries and around 80% correspond to Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC). Overexpression of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and its high affinity receptor TRKA are involved in EOC progression, modulating several oncogenic processes such as angiogenesis by the increase of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). FSH receptors (FSH-R) are present in EOC, but their changes and contribution during EOC progression are still not thoroughly known.

NGF-Enhanced Vasculogenic Properties of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells Is Reduced by Inhibition of the COX-2/PGE Signaling Axis.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a lethal gynecological neoplasia characterized by extensive angiogenesis and overexpression of nerve growth factor (NGF). Here, we investigated the mechanism by which NGF increases vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and the vasculogenic potential of EOC cells, as well as the contribution of the cyclooxygenase 2/prostaglandin E (COX-2/PGE) signaling axis to these events. EOC biopsies and ovarian cell lines were used to determine COX-2 and PGE levels, as well as those of the potentially pro-angiogenic proteins c-MYC (a member of the Myc transcription factors family), survivin, and β-catenin.