[Features of an explosive lower extremities injury protected by sapper shoes].

The purpose of the work is to conduct experimental studies that reveal the characteristic features of explosive injuries of the lower extremities using various samples of sapper protective shoes of domestic and foreign production. The subjects of experiment were the amputated by medical reasons lower extremities of a person. The severity of explosive damage during contact blasting and the parameters of shock accelerations acting on the lower extremities, as well as approximate periods of disability and the forecast of possible disability, are determined.

[Extended endoscopic endonasal posterior (transclival) approach to tumors of the clival region and ventral posterior cranial fossa. Part 1. Topographic and anatomical features of the clivus and adjacent structures].

Objective: to describe the main topographic and anatomical features of the clival region and its adjacent structures for improvement and optimization of the extended endoscopic endonasal posterior (transclival) approach for resection of tumors of the clival region and ventral posterior cranial fossa.

Material And Methods: We performed a craniometric study of 125 human skulls and a topographic anatomical study of heads of 25 cadavers, the arterial and venous bed of which was stained with colored silicone (the staining technique was developed by the authors) to visualize bed features and individual variability. Currently, we have clinical material from more than 120 surgical patients with various skull base tumors of the clival region and ventral posterior cranial fossa (chordomas, pituitary adenomas, meningiomas, cholesteatomas, etc.

Measurement and comparison of individual external doses of high-school students living in Japan, France, Poland and Belarus-the 'D-shuttle' project.

Twelve high schools in Japan (of which six are in Fukushima Prefecture), four in France, eight in Poland and two in Belarus cooperated in the measurement and comparison of individual external doses in 2014. In total 216 high-school students and teachers participated in the study. Each participant wore an electronic personal dosimeter 'D-shuttle' for two weeks, and kept a journal of his/her whereabouts and activities.

Photodynamic inactivation of enveloped virus in protein plasma preparations by solid-phase fullerene-based photosensitizer.

Background: The problem of transfusion-transmitted infections still remains serious and actual for health care despite the detailed testing of donors. Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses and human cytomegalovirus are among the most dangerous pathogens that can be transmitted with blood. Previously, a composition consisting of fullerene layer applied on silica gel particles was shown to inactivate influenza virus up to complete loss of infectivity.

Use of nitric oxide producer L-arginine during infusion therapy of experimental hemorrhagic shock.

Experiments on rats showed that infusion of NO precursor L-arginine before bleeding enhanced their tolerance to hemorrhagic shock. When infused after blood loss as a component of saline solution, L-arginine improved efficiency of infusion therapy for hemorrhagic shock and increased survival rate of the animals.

[Features of hemocomponental therapy in oncological patients].

The authors present an analysis of specific features of transfusions of erythrocyte containing media in oncological patients. Special attention was given to necessary selection of donor erythrocytes in performing operations with massive intraoperative blood loss. It considerably contributes to a decreased number of posttransfusional reactions and complications.

[Sonoelastography in differential diagnosis of thyroid nodes].

The study was aimed to assess the diagnostic possibilities of the new method of sonoelastography. 68 patients with different thyroid nodes were studied. Sonoelastography increased the sensitivity of the routine ultrasound investigation from 89 to 94.

[Significance of the determination of B2-glycoprotein-1 antibodies in recognizing the thrombogenicity in antiphospholipid syndrome].

According to the recent data, the determination of the higher titer of antibodies to beta2-glycoprotein-I (beta2-GP-I) that is included in a complex compound with negative phospholipid membranes determinates the thrombogenicity in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). To specify this regularity, the authors examined 86 patients with primary APS and 20 patients with venous and arterial thrombosis without APS. With increased beta2-GP-I antibody levels, the incidence of thrombotic events was established to w significantly higher than in APS without the increased titer of beta2-GP-I antibodies.

[Effects of indirect electrochemical oxidation of blood on certain indices of homeostasis in surgical patients].

An analysis of certain biochemical hematological and hemostasiological indices of blood of 41 patients has shown that an intravenous injection of sodium hypochlorite with concentration 300 mg/l has a marked detoxicating and hypocoagulating effect.

[The hemostasis system state in patients with ulcerous gastrointestinal bleedings].

In patients with gastrointestinal bleedings there occurs activation of the hemostasis system directed to arrest of bleeding. Short-term hypercoagulation directed to arrest of the bleeding gives place to hypocoagulative changes. Their degree and duration depend on the severity and rate of blood loss.

[Prophylactics of hemotransfusion complications in surgical practice].

In the paper the authors are making an analysis of the courses of hemotransfusion complications and recommend a system of measures to prevent them.

[New blood substitutes of polyfunctional action].

The paper deals with two categories of new oxygen-carrying blood substitute solutions (OCBSS), based on a modified hemoglobin (MG) and perfluor-organic carbon emulsion (PCE), and with crystalloid and colloid blood substitutes of the antihypoxic action containing the Crebs' substrate (sodium fumarat). Described are the results of clinical use of Russian OCBSS based on MG (Gelenpol) and on PCE (Perftoran) in 151 patients with hemorrhagic shock and intraoperative blood loss. Both drugs are allowed for medical application in Russia.

[Prognosis of the course of complicated ulcer disease and mortality in aged and senile patients].

The developed system for forecasting the course of the disease in elderly and senile patients made it possible to distinguish two variants of the ulcer course: favorable and unfavorable. Its application confirmed that it is possible to use the forecast evaluation system in studies of remote results. In case of an unfavorable forecast, this provides the ground for urgent recommendations for surgical treatment in this group of patients without waiting for life-threatening complications to develop.

[Biochemical characteristics of liver involvement in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome].

The incidence of hepatitis B and C virus and cytomegalovirus infection is high in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The specific features of virus infection in APS patients are determined by the activity of APS. During clinically manifest stage, the activities of aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase increase, while during remission only aspartate aminotransferase and LDH levels remain high, for this latter enzyme high activities of isoenzymes LDH5 and LDH4 being recorded.

[Effects of methods of freezing and thawing of blood plasma on the activity of procoagulants and antithrombin-III].

The authors investigated the activity of procoagulants and antithrombin-III after freezing and thawing of blood plasma by different methods. It was shown that quick freezing and thawing using special apparatuses best of all preserved the coagulative properties of the plasma. The medical efficiency of quick-frozen plasma was shown to depend on the method of freezing and thawing.

[Use of an artificial carrier of oxygen on the base of modified hemoglobin in patients with gastroduodenal hemorrhage].

Infusions of Helenpole used in 23 patients allowed for a short time to stabilize hemodynamics and to considerably improve the gas-transporting function of blood. The best curative effect in patients with hemorrhagic shock was obtained by means of intravenous jet infusions of the medicine, after stabilization of the hemodynamic indices with the help of an intravenous dropper (80-90 drops/min). The dose of the 1% solution of the medicine was 25-30 ml/kg of the patient's body weight.

Synthesis, physico-chemical and biological properties of crosslinked modified hemoglobin.

Polymer aspects of polycondensation of pyridoxylated hemoglobin with glutaraldehyde have been considered. On the basis of the investigation of reaction kinetics, the mechanism of chemical crosslinking of hemoglobin molecules into oligohemoglobin is proposed. Owing to the statistical character of the reaction, the resulting macromolecules are polydisperse with respect to the degree of modification of hemoglobin amino groups, and size of oligohemoglobin molecules.

Study of polymerized hemoglobin in experiment.

Lyophilized polymerized hemoglobin has no group specificity and does not damage the kidney after 2 days of storage; its T/2 is 14-16 hours. P50 of solution prepared on the hemoglobin basis is 24-28 torr at 37 degrees C and pCO2, 40 torr in 0.05 M Tris-buffer, pH 7.