[Characterization of protection mechanisms in patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis].

Examining the performance of the local protective system has indicated that patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in the presence of the higher count of cytotoxic lymphocytes had the diminished activation of lymphoid elements of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and decreased alveolar macrophageal production of active oxygen forms. However, there was a drastically increased formation of active oxygen forms in the BAL macrophagues during mycobacterial phagocytosis, which may result to their death. At the same time, the decreased production of gamma-interferon in the BAL cells was found in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (8.

[The use of immunomodulator likopid in the combined treatment pulmonary tuberculosis].

Licopid is a synthetic analogue of a cell wall component of all bacteria. The monocytic macrophageal system is the main target of licopid's action. Addition of the immunomodulator to combined therapy for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in order to enhance phagocytic activity exerted a marked clinical effect appeared as ceased bacterial isolation in 80% of the patients, a fall in the amount of purulent sputum, no symptoms of intoxication following 2-3 weeks, accelerated resolution of infiltrative changes.

[Body's responsiveness and postoperative course in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

The purpose of the study was to reveal a package of criteria for the body's responsiveness in order to predict the course of a postoperative period in 25 patients with short-term pulmonary tuberculosis. The indices of the responsiveness were comparable with the specific features of a postoperative course. The study of the body's responsiveness prior to surgery and in the first days after it was found to be of value in the prediction of a postoperative course.

[The functional activity of class-I and -II HLA antigens in pulmonary tuberculosis].

The paper presents evaluation of HLA-system functional activity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchial asthma by expression of class I and II antigens and beta2-microglobulin level in peripheral blood cell elements. Tuberculous patients had reduced production of beta2-microglobulin in the cell elements. Long-term chemotherapy aggravated the above abnormality.

[Effects of laser therapy on immunity in patients with bronchial asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis].

In bronchial asthma alone and combined with active pulmonary tuberculosis there are marked shifts in immune system (diminished mature T-cell and suppressor subpopulation of T-lymphocytes) resulting in disordered immunoregulatory subpopulation relationships. Also, B-system immunity responded with hyperfunctional activity (increased count of B-lymphocytes and polyclonal gammaglobulinemia). As conventional methods fail to normalize the shifts, an adjuvant laser immunocorrection was tried.

[Dynamics of the indices of the immune system as affected by endobronchial laser therapy in patients with complicated tuberculosis of the lungs].

The results of study of the local and humoral immune defense during endobronchial laser therapy of nonspecific endobronchitis in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis are presented. Laser therapy proved to have no negative action on the humoral immunity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients during treatment of catarrhal and purulent endobronchitis, while a marked increase in IgM levels, thus rapidly reacting and well opsonizing antibodies can be regarded as a positive or stimulating the impact on the whole immune system. Endobronchial laser therapy for catarrhal and especially purulent inflammatory bronchial process in the multimodality treatment of patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis normalized parameters of the local immune system, especially that of locally secreted immunoglobulins, i.

[Study of immunoglobulin E in sera and bronchoalveolar fluid of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

A highly sensitive sandwich-variety of EIA was used to measure the content of IgE in 144 sera and 59 samples of the bronchoalveolar fluid (BAF) of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. As compared to normal persons, the content of serum IgE in the patients was significantly increased; the content of IgE in tuberculosis patients appeared as high as that in patients suffering from atopic allergy (pollenosis, bronchial asthma). The highest content of IgE was detected in patients with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis, in the active disease phase, including those with bacterial isolation.

[Diagnostic significance of determining specific antibodies of various isotypes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

The levels of antimycobacterial antibodies of three isotypes: IgG, IgA and IgM were determined in serum of 153 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 136 healthy donors by the solid phase enzyme immunoassay with the sonicate as the antigen. A significant and highly reliable increase in the average levels of the antimycobacterial antibodies of the IgG, IgA and IgM classes in the serum of the patients was detected as compared to the healthy persons. A significant increase (probability of 97.

[Determination of the concentration of immunoglobulins and other proteins in bronchoalveolar fluid of patients with various types of pulmonary pathology].

The levels of immunoglobulins and other proteins (alpha 2-MG, alpha 1-AT, C3, albumin, transferrin and lactoferrin) were studied in the BAL of 60 patients with different types of pulmonary tuberculosis, 4 patients with sarcoidosis and 7 CNPD patients. The level of most proteins in BAL of the examinees was higher than that reported for healthy subjects. The highest protein levels were noted in CNPD and sarcoidosis patients.

[Local immune and inhibitor protection in patients with newly detected destructive pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by nonspecific endobronchitis].

The authors studied the level of secretory Ig, activity of elastase and locally produced acid-resistant inhibitors (ARI) of proteinases in 63 new cases of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by nonspecific endobronchitis. Functional abnormality of the local defense systems (immune and inhibitory) was found in patients with purulent bronchial inflammation associated with a considerable rise of granulocyte proteinase content. This makes it necessary to carry out corrective drug therapy of these alterations.

[Therapeutic pathomorphosis. Effect of immunostimulator levamisole on the morphology of specific inflammation under experimental conditions].

When levamisol was added to the antituberculosis therapy of rabbits with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis, intensive infiltration of the zone of lesions with polymorphonuclear cells and their accumulation in cavities, increased numbers of giant multinuclear cells, "macrophage" transformation of epithelioid cells were observed; the caverns had one-layer connective tissue wall or underwent scarring. In treatment with levamisol alone the same morphological features were observed, however, without complete disappearance of the signs of specific inflammation and abacillation in all the animals. The animals given antituberculosis therapy alone retained the signs of specific inflammation despite abacillation.

[Changes in the cellular elements of the thymus gland in experimental destructive pulmonary tuberculosis].

Lymphoid elements of the thymus were studied by scanning electron microscopy in rabbits susceptible to tuberculosis. The complete Freund adjuvant causes in the thymus a 3-fold decrease in the number of cells with the properties of T-lymphocytes, and an appearance of a new type of cell elements (polygonal shape, with cytoplasmic outgrowths). Formation of a focus of tuberculosis and the development of destructive changes in the lungs occur under conditions of a progressive decrease in the number of T- and B-lymphocytes in the thymus.

[Characteristics of the lymphoid cells of rabbits].

By means of scanning electron microscopy it has been stated that the thymus gland, spleen, paratracheal lymph node, Peyer's patches and appendix in an intact rabbit of "Shinshilla" strain have T- and B-lymphocytes in different proportion. T-lymphocytes are seen as spherical cells with rough surface, with a few microprocesses, have 3.0 +/- 0.