A comparative study of safety and efficacy of continuous low dose oestradiol released from a vaginal ring compared with conjugated equine oestrogen vaginal cream in the treatment of postmenopausal urogenital atrophy.

Objective: To compare the safety, efficacy and acceptability of a continuous low dose oestradiol releasing vaginal ring with conjugated equine oestrogen vaginal cream in the treatment of postmenopausal urogenital atrophy.

Design: An open, parallel, comparative multicentre trial.

Setting: Sydney and Melbourne, Australia.

A one-year multicenter study of efficacy and safety of a continuous, low-dose, estradiol-releasing vaginal ring (Estring) in postmenopausal women with symptoms and signs of urogenital aging.

Objective: We studied the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of an estradiol-releasing (6.5 to 9.5 micrograms per 24 hours) silicone vaginal ring (Estring) in postmenopausal women with symptoms and signs of urogenital aging during a treatment period of 1 year.

A comparative multicenter study of the effects of continuous low-dose estradiol released from a new vaginal ring versus estriol vaginal pessaries in postmenopausal women with symptoms and signs of urogenital atrophy.

Objective: Our purpose was to study the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of a new estradiol-releasing (6.5 to 9.5 micrograms per 24 hours) silicone rubber vaginal ring compared with Ovesterin 0.

Risk factors for the development of hypertension: a 10-year longitudinal study in middle-aged men.

A group of middle-aged men (n = 2322) were examined at a health screening which included an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) with insulin determinations, and were then re-examined approximately 10 years later. At the first survey, 19.6% of the participants had hypertension, defined as diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mmHg or were receiving drug treatment for hypertension.

Sensitivity to insulin during treatment with atenolol and metoprolol: a randomised, double blind study of effects on carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism in hypertensive patients.

Objective: To compare the effects of metoprolol and atenolol on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and on insulin response to an intravenous glucose load.

Design: Randomised, double blind, double dummy, controlled crossover trial.

Setting: University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.

Do antihypertensive drugs precipitate diabetes in predisposed men?

Objective: To evaluate the influence of antihypertensive treatment and metabolic characteristics on the development of diabetes mellitus in middle aged men.

Design: Prospective study over an average of nine years.

Setting: Community based health survey of middle aged men carried out at the University of Uppsala.

Application of prazosin is associated with an increase of insulin sensitivity in obese patients with hypertension.

The aim of this study was to determine whether insulin sensitivity measured by the euglycaemic insulin clamp technique is lower in patients with primary hypertension than in matched healthy control subjects, and whether this sensitivity was affected after 12 weeks of antihypertensive treatment with the alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking drug prazosin. Twelve moderately obese normoglycaemic patients (four men), with hypertension not previously treated with pharmacological agents and diastolic blood pressure above 100 mm Hg, and 12 healthy matched control subjects participated. Supine blood pressure decreased 12/5 mm Hg (p less than 0.

Serum lipid changes during acitretin (etretin) treatment of psoriasis and palmo-plantar pustulosis.

The effects of acitretin (free acid of etretinate) on the serum lipoprotein pattern and on the fat elimination in serum of 8 patients with psoriasis and 4 with palmo-plantar pustulosis were studied. The drug was given for 12 weeks; the average daily dose was 40 mg. Lipoprotein analyses and an intravenous fat tolerance test (IVFTT) were performed on three occasions (before, after 8 weeks' treatment, as well as 8 weeks after the end of the treatment).

Physical training as treatment for type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes in elderly men. A feasibility study over 2 years.

At a health examination of men approximately 60 years old, 48 were found to have Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. All had been healthy 10 years earlier. The intention was to randomly allocate those with mild diabetes to a training or a control group and study the long-term influence of regular training on the progress of the disease.

Efficacy and safety of bisoprolol and atenolol in patients with mild to moderate hypertension: a double-blind, parallel group international multicentre study.

Three hundred and fifteen patients were randomly allocated to treatment for six months with bisoprolol 5 or 10 mg day-1 or atenolol, 50 mg day-1, in a double-blind, double-dummy parallel group, international multicentre study. Two hundred and ninety-two (175 men and 117 women) were eligible for statistical follow-up. Their mean age was 52.

Serum lipoprotein in active rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic inflammatory arthritides. I. Relativity to inflammatory activity.

Lipoprotein metabolism was investigated in 69 patients with untreated active rheumatoid arthritis (n = 48) and in seronegative spondylarthropathies (n = 21). The patients had high inflammatory activity as measured by erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein (CRP). Serum cholesterol and cholesterol levels in the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein fractions were reduced by 20% to 30% compared with healthy controls; and triglyceride levels in VLDL and high-density lipoprotein were reduced by 10% to 30%.

Alcohol intemperance and sudden death.

Ten years after a health screening examination was offered to 50 year old men 32 of the 2322 participants and 12 of the 454 nonparticipants had died of ischaemic heart disease. Of these, 26 and 11 respectively had suffered sudden death, for which necropsy was performed. Half of the men who had died suddenly had been registered for alcohol intemperance up to 1973, which was four times the prevalence of such registrations in the general population.

Treatment with one-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol in middle-aged men with impaired glucose tolerance--a prospective randomized double-blind study.

Experimental evidence suggests a specific role for the active metabolite of vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) in insulin secretion. In order to evaluate the possible clinical significance, 65 middle-aged men with impaired glucose tolerance, and normal serum levels of vitamin D metabolites, were enrolled in a three-month study where they were given either 0.75 micrograms alpha-calcidol (1 alpha(OH)D3) daily or placebo.

Metabolic profile in obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.

Nine obese women with oligo- or ameno-rrhoea, all with clinical and endocrinological signs of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) were submitted to metabolic studies. Their mean weight was 96 kg and their mean plasma testosterone concentration was 3.5 nmol/l.

Plasma fat elimination tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and plasma fatty acid composition during sequential treatment with etretinate and isotretinoin.

In an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms underlying retinoid-induced hyperlipidemia, the effects of etretinate (Tigason) and isotretinoin (Roaccutane) on two different plasma fat elimination variables and on the plasma fatty acid composition were studied. Twelve patients with various hyperkeratotic disorders participated in a double-blind cross-over study of etretinate and isotretinoin. Each drug was given for 8 weeks with an 8-week intermission.

Metabolic effects of a change in antihypertensive treatment.

Twenty hypertensive men, aged 58 to 62 years, who had been treated with a combination of different drugs for many years, had their therapy changed in a stepwise manner to a combination of 50 mg of atenolol per day and 2 to 15 mg of prazosin per day. The effects of each change of treatment were assessed separately five to six months after the change. Serum lipids and high-density lipoprotein concentrations were determined, and an intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed at the start of the study and after each change.

Alcohol intemperance and social disability as risk factors for different causes of death.

At a follow-up 7-10 years after a health screening of 50-year-old men in Uppsala, 101 of the 2322 participants and 51 of the 446 non-participants had died. The incidence was thus almost three times as high among non-participants as among participants. Registration at the Temperance Board and/or the Bureau of Social Services was 2-3 times more common among the deceased subjects than among the living irrespective of participation in the health screening.

A comparison of the hypotensive and metabolic effects of 50 and 100 mg atenolol per day.

Nine patients who had been treated for hypertension for many years with atenolol in a dose of 100 mg/day took part in this 18-month study, during which the dosage alternated between 50 and 100 mg/day for two-month periods. Blood pressure, heart rate, serum triglycerides and cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) lipids were checked at the end of each period. Altogether 27 and 32 measurements were made at the 50 and 100 mg dose levels respectively.

Effects of dietary supplementation with n-6 and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on serum lipoproteins and platelet function in hypertriglyceridaemic patients.

Twenty-seven patients with hypertriglyceridaemia were given dietary supplementation either with evening primrose oil rich in gammalinolenic acid (GLA, 18:3 n-6) (n = 13) or a marine oil concentrate containing n-3 fatty acids (n = 14) in a double-blind cross-over design during 8 + 8 weeks with olive oil as placebo. During GLA supplementation, increases in GLA and dihomogammalinolenic acid (20:3 n-6) were found in plasma lipid esters and platelet phospholipids, whereas platelet function and serum lipoproteins were unaffected. During supplementation with n-3 fatty acids there was a significant decrease in triglycerides in all lipoprotein fractions with a slight increase in high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.

A comparison of the effects of bisoprolol and atenolol on lipoprotein concentrations and blood pressure.

Forty-two patients (28 men, 14 women, age range 27-65 years) with newly discovered mild to moderate hypertension were randomly allocated to treatment with either bisoprolol or atenolol for a double-blind comparison of these two beta 1-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. Two doses of each drug (10 and 20 mg/d for bisoprolol and 50 and 100 mg/d for atenolol) were given, each dose for a 3-month period, the dose to be given first being decided by random allocation of the patients. During the second 3-month period, the patient received the alternative dose.

Is muscle lipoprotein lipase inactivated by ordinary amounts of dietary carbohydrates?

Lipoprotein metabolism was investigated in 12 patients, healthy except for renal stone disease, who received a high-protein experimental diet for 2 weeks under metabolic ward conditions. The results were compared with those after 2 weeks on a control diet of ordinary composition. The patients were randomly allocated to begin with the control or experimental diet.

High muscle lipoprotein lipase activity in thyrotoxic patients.

Serum lipoprotein metabolism was studied in 7 women before and after treatment for thyrotoxicosis. Of the lipoprotein lipids, the triglyceride concentration in the low density lipoproteins (LDL) (P less than 0.01) and the cholesterol concentration in both LDL (P less than 0.

Serum triglycerides are a risk factor for myocardial infarction but not for angina pectoris. Results from a 10-year follow-up of Uppsala primary preventive study.

At a follow-up 7-10 years after a health survey of men born in 1920-1924 in the municipality of Uppsala, 31 of the participants (n = 2322) had died from ischaemic heart disease (IHD). In response to a letter to all men alive in 1980, 106 men declared that they had had a myocardial infarction (MI) (verified or suspected). In 58 cases MI was verified from the hospital records.

Serum lipoprotein and lipoprotein lipase in overweight, type II diabetics during and after supplemented fasting.

Poorly controlled, obese, Type II diabetics were studied before, during, and 3 months after a weight reduction program that used supplemented fasting (200 kcal or 0.9 MJ/day). During fasting, the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides (TG) decreased, as did the adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (AT-LPLA) and skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase (SM-LPLA) activities.