Esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma) with hemorrhage: an unusual presentation.

Esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma) is an uncommon neuroectodermal tumor. Its biological activity ranges from indolent growth to local recurrence and rapid widespread metastasis. Treatment options consist of surgical resection followed by radiation therapy for primary lesions and the addition of chemotherapy for advanced, recurrent, or metastatic lesions.

Cerebrospinal fluid (vascular endothelial growth factor) and serologic (recoverin) tumor markers for malignant glioma.

Background: Clinically useful tumor markers have yet to be identified for malignant glioma. We report on two potential novel tumor markers, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and recoverin (protein A). VEGF is a highly specific endothelial cell activator that induces angiogenesis both in vivo and in vitro.

Familial frontotemporal dementia: a report of three cases of severe cerebral atrophy with rare inclusions that are negative for tau and synuclein, but positive for ubiquitin.

We describe the brain autopsy findings from three of five siblings who suffered dementia with clinical diagnoses including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Pick's disease. Five other living siblings appear unaffected. All of the autopsied brains showed severe atrophy (brain weights 613, 641, and 750 g) of the frontal and temporal lobes, and to a slightly lesser extent of the parietal lobes, while the occipital lobes were relatively preserved.

Diffusion-weighted MRI of cerebral toxoplasma abscess.

Objective: This retrospective study reports the diffusion-weighted MRI appearance of Toxoplasma abscesses, rim-enhancing cerebral masses resulting from toxoplasmosis infection. In all patients, the signal intensity of the abscess core on diffusion-weighted MRI was equal to or less than that of normal, unaffected cerebral white matter and the measured apparent diffusion coefficient was greater than that of unaffected white matter. Histopathology revealed necrotic tissue in the center of these abscesses but no purulent fluid.

Stress protein expression in the Alzheimer-diseased choroid plexus.

Abnormal patterns of stress protein expression are found in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer (AD) subjects. In this study, expression of various stress proteins in the Alzheimer-diseased choroid plexus (CP) was assessed immunohistochemically. We observed decreased HO-1 immunoreactivity in the AD CP, commensurate with our earlier report of suppressed HO-1 protein levels in AD cerebrospinal fluid (Schipper et al.

Pituitary apoplexy: early detection with diffusion-weighted MR imaging.

Pituitary apoplexy is defined as a clinical syndrome that may include headache, visual deficits, ophthalmoplegia, or altered mental status. It may result from either infarction or hemorrhage of the pituitary gland. Prognosis is significantly improved with early diagnosis and surgical treatment.