The effects of trade, renewable energy, and financial development on consumption-based carbon emissions (comparative policy analysis for the G20 and European Union countries).

Recently, there has been a lot of focus on global trade and consumption-based carbon (CCO) emissions. More research, however, has examined how financial development (FD) and international trade in renewable energy affect CO emissions. Furthermore, there are no distinct trends in the research about how globalization affects environmental quality.

The aggregate and sectoral time-varying market efficiency during crisis periods in Turkey: a comparative analysis with COVID-19 outbreak and the global financial crisis.

This study aims to examine the time-varying efficiency of the Turkish stock market's major stock index and eight sectoral indices, including the industrial, financial, service, information technology, basic metals, tourism, real estate investment, and chemical petrol plastic, during the COVID-19 outbreak and the global financial crisis (GFC) within the framework of the adaptive market hypothesis. This study employs multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis to illustrate these sectors' multifractality and short- and long-term dependence. The results show that all sectoral returns have greater persistence during the COVID-19 outbreak than during the GFC.