Evaluating the spatial pattern of water quality of the Nile River, Egypt, through multivariate analysis of chemical and biological indicators.

The Nile River, known as the "giver of life," serves as Egypt's main source of fresh water. A total of 28 sites along the Nile River were selected during the winter and summer of 2022 to illustrate spatial-temporal variation and indicate potential sources of pollution. The study showed that all chemical and physical parameters are within permissible limits.

Risk assessments and spatial distributions of natural radioactivity and heavy metals in Nasser Lake, Egypt.

Nasser Lake provides more than 95% of the Egyptian freshwater budget. The levels, spatial distributions, and risk assessments of heavy metals and natural radioactivity were investigated in the water and sediments in the main channel and khors (side extensions) of Nasser Lake in January 2017. Several indices were used to determine the quality and pollution degree of the water and sediments.