One-pot transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into crude bio-oil with metal chlorides via hydrothermal and supercritical ethanol processing.

Grape seeds were deconstructed in both hydrothermal and supercritical ethanol media with a combination of two metal chlorides (TiCl:MgCl) to produce bio-oils. The use of metal chloride additives in supercritical ethanol achieved the highest bio-oil yield of 49.2 wt% (300 °C, 30 min).

Ethanol: A Promising Green Solvent for the Deconstruction of Lignocellulose.

Growing energy demand, environmental impact, energy security issues, and rural economic development have encouraged the development of sustainable renewable fuels. Nonfood lignocellulosic biomass is a suitable source for sustainable energy because the biomass feedstocks are low cost, abundant, and carbon neutral. Recent thermochemical conversion studies are frequently directed at converting biomass into high-quality liquid fuel precursors or chemicals in a single step.

Hydrothermal carbonization for the preparation of hydrochars from glucose, cellulose, chitin, chitosan and wood chips via low-temperature and their characterization.

In this work, the hydrothermal carbonization of glucose, cellulose, chitin, chitosan and wood chips at 200°C at processing times between 6 and 48h was studied. The carbonization degree of wood chips, cellulose and chitosan obviously increases as function of time. The heating value of glucose increases to 88% upon carbonization for 48h, while it is only 5% for chitin.

Co-processing of olive bagasse with crude rapeseed oil via pyrolysis.

The co-pyrolysis of olive bagasse with crude rapeseed oil at different blend ratios was investigated at 500ºC in a fixed bed reactor. The effect of olive bagasse to crude rapeseed oil ratio on the product distributions and properties of the pyrolysis products were comparatively investigated. The addition of crude rapeseed oil into olive bagasse in the co-pyrolysis led to formation of upgraded biofuels in terms of liquid yields and properties.

Pyrolysis of table sugar.

Table sugars were pyrolyzed at different temperatures (300, 400, and 500°C) in a fixed-bed reactor. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on yields of liquid, solid, and gaseous products was investigated. As expected the yield of liquid products gradually increased and the yield of solid products gradually decreased when the pyrolysis temperature was raised.

Removal of lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions onto activated carbon derived from waste biomass.

The removal of lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions was carried out using an activated carbon prepared from a waste biomass. The effects of various parameters such as pH, contact time, initial concentration of lead (II) ions, and temperature on the adsorption process were investigated. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis after adsorption reveals the accumulation of lead (II) ions onto activated carbon.

Hydrothermal liquefaction of cornelian cherry stones for bio-oil production.

Hydrothermal liquefaction of cornelian cherry stones, fruit processing wastes, was performed at 200, 250 and 300°C with residence times of 0, 15, and 30min. The highest total bio-oil yield was obtained at both 250 and 300°C for the shortest residence time (0min) and found to be 28wt.%.

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from waste biomass.

Lignocellulosic materials are good and cheap precursors for the production of activated carbon. In this study, activated carbons were prepared from the pyrolysis of soybean oil cake at 600 and 800 degrees C by chemical activation with K(2)CO(3) and KOH. The influence of temperature and type of chemical reagents on the porosity development was investigated and discussed.

Activated carbons from waste biomass by sulfuric acid activation and their use on methylene blue adsorption.

Preparation of the activated carbons from sunflower oil cake by sulphuric acid activation with different impregnation ratios was carried out. Laboratory prepared activated carbons were used as adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Liquid-phase adsorption experiments were conducted and the maximum adsorption capacity of each activated carbon was determined.

Trace element biomonitoring by leaves of Populus nigra L. from Western Anatolia, Turkey.

The West Anatolian Region is one of the most important areas for industrialization, population density and traffic in Turkey. Therefore, the leaves of Populus nigra L. (Salicaceae), which are used as biomonitor to investigate the levels of the trace elements Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn and Cu, were sampled at 30 locations having different pollution levels in the region.

Hydrothermal upgrading of biomass: effect of K2CO3 concentration and biomass/water ratio on products distribution.

Catalytic hydrothermal treatment of wood biomass was performed at 280 degrees C for 15 min in the presence of K2CO3 with different concentrations and biomass/water ratio (thermal). Oil products were extracted from both liquid and solid portion by different solvents and analyzed them individually. The biomass to water ratio has an important effect on product distribution and composition of oil products.