Liver cirrhosis is a risk-factor for Pneumocystis jirovecii associated mortality.

Background: Pneumocystis jirovecci pneumonia (PCP) is a life threating disease in immunodeficient patients. Liver cirrhosis itself can lead to immunodefiency, however little is known if Pneumocystis jirovecci infection affects the outcome of patients with liver cirrhosis.

Aim: We aimed to assess the predictors for Pneumocystis jirovecci-associated mortality in patients with Pneumocystis jirovecci infection treated at intensive care units.

Transcriptomic profiling reveals three molecular phenotypes of adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction.

Cancers occurring at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) are classified as predominantly esophageal or gastric, which is often difficult to decipher. We hypothesized that the transcriptomic profile might reveal molecular subgroups which could help to define the tumor origin and behavior beyond anatomical location. The gene expression profiles of 107 treatment-naïve, intestinal type, gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas were assessed by the Illumina-HTv4.

Accuracy of Different Rapid Urease Tests in Comparison with Histopathology in Patients with Endoscopic Signs of Gastritis.

Background And Aim: According to several guidelines, both invasive and non-invasive tests can be used to detect Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Invasive methods include H.

Combined Gastric and Colorectal Cancer Screening-A New Strategy.

Background: Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of a serological assessment of gastric cancer risk in patients undergoing colonoscopy in countries with low-to-moderate incidence rates.

Methods: Serum samples were prospectively collected from 453 patients (>50 years old) undergoing colonoscopies. Of these, 279 (61.

Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of a parenteral vaccine against Helicobacter pylori in healthy volunteers challenged with a Cag-positive strain: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 study.

Background: Intramuscular immunisation with a vaccine composed of three recombinant Helicobacter pylori antigens-vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), cytotoxin-associated antigen (CagA), and neutrophil-activating protein (NAP)-prevented infection in animal models and was well tolerated and highly immunogenic in healthy adults. We aimed to assess the efficacy of the vaccine in prevention of a H pylori infection after challenge with a CagA-positive strain (BCM 300) in healthy volunteers.

Methods: In this randomised phase 1/2, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, single-centre study, healthy non-pregnant adults aged 18-40 years who were confirmed negative for H pylori infection were randomly assigned (3:4) to three intramuscular doses of either placebo or vaccine at 0, 1, and 2 months.

Hepatobiliary MRI: Signal intensity based assessment of liver function correlated to C-Methacetin breath test.

Gadoxetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) is a paramagnetic MRI contrast agent with raising popularity and has been used for evaluation of imaging-based liver function in recent years. In order to verify whether liver function as determined by real-time breath analysis using the intravenous administration of C-methacetin can be estimated quantitatively from Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI using signal intensity (SI) values. 110 patients underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced 3-T MRI and, for the evaluation of liver function, a C-methacetin breath test (C-MBT).

Safety of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy Regarding Renal Function in Post-Liver Transplant Patients Infected with Hepatitis C Virus and a 100% 12-Week Sustained Virologic Response-A Single-Center Study.

Background: Patients after liver transplantation (LT) with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often suffer from renal or hepatic impairment. Treating patients after LT with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) might result in decreasing renal function due to interaction of DAA and immunosuppressive therapy. In this single-center study we analyzed clinical parameters of 18 HCV-infected patients treated with DAA therapy after LT.

Migrants and Refugees in Europe: Challenges, Experiences and Contributions.

Due to the current geopolitical situation more refugees from crisis countries were and will be treated in Europe. In 2015 the number of displaced people reached an unprecedented level, with more than one million crossing into Europe. The migration itself can impair both mental and physical health.

Management of Infection: What Should the Surgeon Know?

Infection with continues to represent a major global health care burden, and various national and international consensus reports and guidelines have aimed at tracking recent developments for their translation into an optimized clinical management. The most important 'innovation' is the definition of gastritis as an infectious disease. This does imply the consideration of therapy of this condition even before the development of clinical manifestations including non-malignant and malignant gastroduodenal diseases, such as peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

Impact of multidetector computed tomography on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of CT scans on diagnosis or change of therapy in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis and obscure clinical infection.

Methods: CT records of patients with obscure clinical infection and SIRS or sepsis were retrospectively evaluated. Both confirmation of and changes in the diagnosis or therapy based on CT findings were analysed by means of the hospital information system and radiological information system.

Management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report.

Important progress has been made in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection and in this fifth edition of the Maastricht Consensus Report, key aspects related to the clinical role of H. pylori were re-evaluated in 2015. In the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Conference, 43 experts from 24 countries examined new data related to H.

[S2k-guideline Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal ulcer disease].

In the line "bismuth-containing quadruple therapy" of Table 7 (p 342), in the column "dosage" incorrectly at the three antibiotics respectively 1-1-1-1. The correct is: 3-3-3-3.

Expression of aurora kinase A correlates with the Wnt-modulator RACGAP1 in gastric cancer.

Canonical Wnt signaling is involved in gastric carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to identify the link between Wnt signaling and aurora kinase A (AURKA), a target for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. Publicly available microarray data were used to identify phenotype-specific protein-protein interaction (PPI) subnetworks.

MMP2 and MMP7 at the invasive front of gastric cancer are not associated with mTOR expression.

Background: Regulation of MMP expression by activation of mTOR signalling has been demonstrated for several tumor types, but has thus far not been confirmed in gastric cancer.

Findings: The study compromised 128 patients who underwent gastric resection for cancer (66.4 % male; 86 intestinal, 42 diffuse type).

Impact of the angulus biopsy for the detection of gastric preneoplastic conditions and gastric cancer risk assessment.

Background: Gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (IM) are preneoplastic conditions in the development of gastric cancer. Histopathological assessment is based on the updated Sydney system and superordinate staging systems, operative link on gastritis assessment (OLGA) and operative link on gastritis assessment using IM (OLGIM), all requiring a biopsy from the incisura angularis (angulus).

Aim: To determine the value of the angulus biopsy for the detection of preneoplastic conditions and cancer risk evaluation using OLGA and OLGIM prospectively.

Adenocarcinomas at different positions at the gastro-oesophageal junction show distinct association with gastritis and gastric preneoplastic conditions.

Objective: Adenocarcinomas at the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) are currently stratified by tumour location. This retrospective study examines the association of preneoplastic conditions and inflammation of the gastric mucosa with GOJ cancer at different locations and compares them with nonjunctional gastric cancers.

Patients And Methods: A total of 520 patients with junctional and nonjunctional gastric cancer were assessed for the presence and degree of intestinal metaplasia, glandular atrophy and inflammation in the stomach.

Different antibiotic susceptibility between antrum and corpus of the stomach, a possible reason for treatment failure of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Aim: To assess whether antibiotic resistance varies between the antrum and corpus of the stomach of patients that are either Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) therapy-naive or pre-treated.

Methods: H.

Helicobacter pylori.

Purpose Of Review: This review focuses on new treatment options for eradicating Helicobacter pylori that have emerged as a result of decreased efficacy of standard triple therapy due to increasing antibiotic resistance. We also report on new data regarding primary and secondary gastric cancer prevention strategies and the potential role of H. pylori as a risk factor for extragastric malignancies.

Gastric cancer--epidemiologic and clinical aspects.

Gastric cancer (GC) continues to be an important health threat as the third leading cause of cancer related death in both sexes worldwide. In a recent analysis, the mortality trends for the time period from 1980 till 2011 were significantly downward in all countries, but the declines in the USA, EU and several other major countries were of low magnitude when compared with the past. Furthermore, the relative contribution of cardia cancers compared with noncardia cancers increased among countries with higher GC rates.

[Helicobacter pylori: short overview on selected data from the history and their value for clinical medicine, in particular, surgery - what does the (general/abdominal) surgeon need to know].

The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) represents one of the most notable events in the field of experimental and clinical medicine with great impact to daily practice even to surgery. It has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease.

Helicobacter pylori: perspectives and time trends.

The discovery of Helicobacter pylori three decades ago is a modern medical success story. It markedly changed our understanding of the pathophysiology of gastroduodenal diseases and led to an improvement in the treatment of diseases related to H. pylori infection.

Helicobacter pylori but not gastrin is associated with the development of colonic neoplasms.

Recent studies have suggested that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) constitutes a risk for the development of colonic neoplasia. Hypergastrinemia can be induced by H.

Helicobacter pylori infection: selected aspects in clinical management.

Purpose Of Review: This review focuses on new aspects of recently published guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection as well as progress in diagnostic tests and treatment regimens. We also discuss new strategies for gastric cancer prevention.

Recent Findings: The general recommendation to treat H.