Radioisotopic chronology of Ocean Anoxic Event 1a: Framework for analysis of driving mechanisms.

The timing, tempo, and causative mechanisms of Ocean Anoxic Event 1a (OAE1a), one of several such abrupt perturbations of the Mesozoic global carbon cycle, remain uncertain. Mudstones interbedded with tuffs in Hokkaido, Japan preserve carbon and osmium isotope shifts recording OAE1a. U-Pb zircon ages of tuffs constrain the OAE1a onset to 119.

Trends in Pediatric Hospital Admissions Caused or Contributed by SARS-CoV-2 Infection in England.

Objective: To investigate the changing characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-related pediatric hospital admissions over time.

Study Design: This was a national, observational cohort study from July 1, 2020, to August 31, 2023, using English population-linked electronic health records. We identified 45 203 children younger than 18 years old in whom SARS-CoV-2 either caused or contributed to hospitalization, excluding those admitted with "incidental" infection.

Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Palliative Care Unit Utilization: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Context: People with noncancer diagnoses have poorer access to palliative care units (PCUs) or hospices compared to those with cancer diagnoses. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted how specialist palliative care services were delivered and utilized.

Objective: To determine the association between the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and PCU/hospice utilization in hospitalized individuals with cancer and noncancer diagnoses with specialist palliative care needs.

Protracted metallogenic and magmatic evolution of the Kirazlı epithermal Au-Ag and porphyry Cu deposits, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey: evidence from zircon U-Pb, muscovite Ar/Ar, and molybdenite Re-Os geochronology.

Unlabelled: The Kirazlı deposit is located at the center of the Biga Peninsula metallogenic province, in a geological setting characterized by an extensional tectonic environment. A NNW-SSE trending high-sulfidation (HS) orebody with a total reserve of 33.86 Mt @ 0.

Classifying Self-Reported Rheumatoid Arthritis Flares Using Daily Patient-Generated Data From a Smartphone App: Exploratory Analysis Applying Machine Learning Approaches.

Background: The ability to predict rheumatoid arthritis (RA) flares between clinic visits based on real-time, longitudinal patient-generated data could potentially allow for timely interventions to avoid disease worsening.

Objective: This exploratory study aims to investigate the feasibility of using machine learning methods to classify self-reported RA flares based on a small data set of daily symptom data collected on a smartphone app.

Methods: Daily symptoms and weekly flares reported on the Remote Monitoring of Rheumatoid Arthritis (REMORA) smartphone app from 20 patients with RA over 3 months were used.

"Walk me through the final day": A thematic analysis study on the family caregiver experience of the Medical Assistance in Dying procedure day.

Background: Legalization of assisted dying is progressively expanding worldwide. In Canada, the Medical Assistance in Dying Act became law in 2016. As assisted dying regulations evolve worldwide, comprehending its subjective impact and broader consequences, especially on family members, becomes pivotal for shaping practice, policy, and training.

Is impulsivity related to attentional bias in cigarette smokers? An exploration across levels of nicotine dependency and deprivation.

Research has largely focused on how attentional bias to smoking-related cues and impulsivity independently influence the development and maintenance of cigarette smoking, with limited exploration of the relationship between these mechanisms. The current experiments systematically assessed relationships between multiple dimensions of impulsivity and attentional bias, at different stages of attention, in smokers varying in nicotine dependency and deprivation. Nonsmokers (NS; n  = 26), light-satiated smokers (LS; n  = 25), heavy-satiated smokers (HS; n  = 23) and heavy 12-hour nicotine-deprived smokers (HD; n  = 30) completed the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, delayed discounting task, stop-signal task, information sampling task and a visual dot-probe assessing initial orientation (200 ms) and sustained attention (2000 ms) toward smoking-related cues.

Practices of and Perspectives on Palliative Sedation Among Palliative Care Physicians in Ontario, Canada: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Background: Palliative sedation (PS) is a therapeutic intervention employed to manage severe and refractory symptoms in terminally ill patients at end of life. Inconsistencies in PS practice guidelines coupled with clinician ambiguity have resulted in confusion about how PS is best integrated into practice. Understanding the perspectives, experiences, and practices relating to this modality will provide insight into its clinical application and challenges within the palliative care landscape.

Singlet-triplet dephasing in radical pairs in avian cryptochromes leads to time-dependent magnetic field effects.

Cryptochrome 4a (Cry4a) has been proposed as the sensor at the heart of the magnetic compass in migratory songbirds. Blue-light excitation of this protein produces magnetically sensitive flavin-tryptophan radical pairs whose properties suggest that Cry4a could indeed be suitable as a magnetoreceptor. Here, we use cavity ring-down spectroscopy to measure magnetic field effects on the kinetics of these radical pairs in modified Cry4a proteins from the migratory European robin and from nonmigratory pigeon and chicken.

Feasibility and acceptability to use a smartphone-based manikin for daily longitudinal self-reporting of chronic pain.

Background: As management of chronic pain continues to be suboptimal, there is a need for tools that support frequent, longitudinal pain self-reporting to improve our understanding of pain. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of daily pain self-reporting using a smartphone-based pain manikin.

Methods: For this prospective feasibility study, we recruited adults with lived experience of painful musculoskeletal condition.

Differences in trends in discharge location in a cohort of hospitalized patients with cancer and non-cancer diagnoses receiving specialist palliative care: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Patients with and without cancer are frequently hospitalized, and have specialist palliative care needs. In-hospital mortality can serve as a quality indicator of acute care. Trends in acute care outcomes have not previously been evaluated in patients with confirmed specialist palliative care needs or between diagnostic groups.

Hospital admissions linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents: cohort study of 3.2 million first ascertained infections in England.

Objective: To describe hospital admissions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents.

Design: Cohort study of 3.2 million first ascertained SARS-CoV-2 infections using electronic health care record data.

Use of palliative sedation following Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) legislation: A mixed-methods study of palliative care providers.

Objectives: Palliative sedation (PS) and Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) are options for end-of-life (EOL) care in Canada, since the latter was legalized in 2016. Little research to date has explored the potential impact of MAiD on PS practices. This study investigated physicians' perceptions of their practices surrounding PS and how they may have changed since 2016.

The impact of COVID-19 on the experiences of patients and their family caregivers with medical assistance in dying in hospital.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures have drastically impacted end-of-life and grief experiences globally, including those related to medical assistance in dying (MAiD). No known qualitative studies to date have examined the MAiD experience during the pandemic. This qualitative study aimed to understand how the pandemic impacted the MAiD experience in hospital of persons requesting MAiD (patients) and their loved ones (caregivers) in Canada.

Day-to-day variability of knee pain and the relationship with physical activity in people with knee osteoarthritis: an observational, feasibility study using consumer smartwatches.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of using smartwatches in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) to determine the day-to-day variability of pain and the relationship between daily pain and step count.

Design: Observational, feasibility study.

Setting: In July 2017, the study was advertised in newspapers, magazines and, on social media.

"Take up to eight tablets per day": Incorporating free-text medication instructions into a transparent and reproducible process for preparing drug exposure data for pharmacoepidemiology.

Purpose: Routinely collected prescription data provides drug exposure information for pharmacoepidemiology, informing start/stop dates and dosage. Prescribing information includes structured data and unstructured free-text instructions, which can include inherent variability, such as "one to two tablets up to four times a day". Preparing drug exposure data from raw prescriptions to a research ready dataset is rarely fully reported, yet assumptions have considerable implications for pharmacoepidemiology.

Examining the variability of multiple daily symptoms over time among individuals with multiple long-term conditions (MLTC-M/multimorbidity): An exploratory analysis of a longitudinal smartwatch feasibility study.

Introduction: People living with multiple long-term conditions (MLTC-M) (multimorbidity) experience a range of inter-related symptoms. These symptoms can be tracked longitudinally using consumer technology, such as smartphones and wearable devices, and then summarised to provide useful clinical insight.

Aim: We aimed to perform an exploratory analysis to summarise the extent and trajectory of multiple symptom ratings tracked via a smartwatch, and to investigate the relationship between these symptom ratings and demographic factors in people living with MLTC-M in a feasibility study.

DNA read count calibration for single-molecule, long-read sequencing.

There are many applications in which quantitative information about DNA mixtures with different molecular lengths is important. Gene therapy vectors are much longer than can be sequenced individually via short-read NGS. However, vector preparations may contain smaller DNAs that behave differently during sequencing.

A rapid change in magma plumbing taps porphyry copper deposit-forming magmas.

Porphyry-type deposits are a vital source of green technology metals such as copper and molybdenum. They typically form in subduction-related settings from large, long-lived magmatic systems. The most widely accepted model for their formation requires that mantle-derived magmas undergo an increase in volatiles and ore-forming constituents in mid- to lower crustal reservoirs over millions of years, however, this is mostly based on observations from shallow, sporadically exposed parts of porphyry systems.

Does body mass index mediate the relationship between socioeconomic position and incident osteoarthritis?

Objectives: To investigate associations of socioeconomic position (SEP) and obesity with incident osteoarthritis (OA), and to examine whether body mass index (BMI) mediates the association between SEP and incident OA.

Methods: Data came from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a population-based cohort study of adults aged ≥50 years. The sample population included 9,281 people.

Using patient-reported data from a smartphone app to capture and characterize real-time patient-reported flares in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: We aimed to explore the frequency of self-reported flares and their association with preceding symptoms collected through a smartphone app by people with RA.

Methods: We used data from the Remote Monitoring of RA study, in which patients tracked their daily symptoms and weekly flares on an app. We summarized the number of self-reported flare weeks.

Perception of roles across the interprofessional team for delivery of medical assistance in dying.

In 2016, Canada joined many jurisdictions worldwide in legalizing Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD). Given the paucity of qualitative research regarding the involvement of interprofessional health care providers (HCPs) in MAiD, the goal of this study was to better understand how HCPs viewed their role(s). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 3 pharmacists, 10 nurses, and 8 social workers at an academic hospital in Toronto.

Characteristics of Older Adults Accessing Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD): a Descriptive Study.

Background: Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) is an end-of-life option for Canadians accounting for 2% of all deaths in Canada in 2019. Adults over 80 years old represent a significant proportion of these deaths, yet little is known about how they compare with their younger counterparts.

Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed our tertiary care institution's MAiD database to compare MAiD recipients <65, 65-80, and >80 years of age.

Engagement with consumer smartwatches for tracking symptoms of individuals living with multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity): A longitudinal observational study.

Introduction: People living with multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity) (MLTC-M) experience an accumulating combination of different symptoms. It has been suggested that these symptoms can be tracked longitudinally using consumer technology, such as smartphones and wearable devices.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal user engagement with a smartwatch application, collecting survey questions and active tasks over 90 days, in people living with MLTC-M.