Comparison of Lateral Semicircular Canal Dysfunction in Chronic Otitis Media Patients using Air Caloric Test and Video Head Impulse Test.

In developing nations like India, chronic otitis media (COM) is a common middle ear ailment that has serious ramifications for both hearing and quality of life. Long-term inflammation of middle ear cavity and tympanic membrane are the hallmarks of COM, which can result in consequences like facial paralysis, labyrinthitis, hearing loss, and potentially fatal cerebral abscesses. The effect of COM on vestibular function is still unknown.

Characterization of Bioactive Metabolites in Phormidium sp. PB21: Pigment Production, Antimicrobial Potential, and Toxicity Assessment.

This study investigates the morphological characteristics, pigment production, antimicrobial activity, and toxicity of secondary metabolites from the filamentous cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. PB21, isolated from freshwater ecosystems. The strain demonstrated significant potential for bioactive compound production, as evidenced by its chlorophyll-a and carotenoid production.

Synergistic anaerobic caffeine degradation and bioelectricity production using microbial fuel cell.

Caffeine is considered a pollutant that threatens aquatic life and human well-being, and its anaerobic treatment is typically a slow process. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) present a sustainable alternative by enabling caffeine degradation while simultaneously generating electricity. This study investigates the anaerobic degradation of caffeine using MFCs as a sustainable wastewater treatment approach under various operational conditions.

Displaced lives: rethinking survival, social reproduction, and (in)security with refugees.

In this article, we examine the practices of survival that Rohingya and Syrian refugees perform as they confront multiple forms of violence resulting from their forced displacement in India and Turkey, respectively. We consider these practices as they are performed in the everyday and reflect on how they expand existing debates in social reproduction feminism. Social reproduction refers to those practices that are essential for the everyday and generational maintenance of life.

Aspiring for inclusive sport: reflecting on intersections around exclusion.

This paper attempts to address the intersections of gender, caste, class, sexuality, region, and other social attributes, that constitute the social web in India influencing the possibilities and exclusions within sport. Being at the margins of this social web makes individuals vulnerable to unethical practices such as discrimination, exclusion, and erasures of their lived realities, by both systemic and everyday practices. Using the lens of social reproduction the paper attempts to capture not just the productive work that sustains a sporting milieu in society, but the labour that produces leisure, entertainment, play, rest, fitness, pleasure, well-being, and care that sustains and is further generated by families, communities and entire societies.

HIV-1 single-transcription start-site mutants display complementary replication functions that are restored by reversion.

HIV-1 transcription initiates at two positions, generating RNAs with either 1G or 3G 5' ends. The replication fates of these RNAs differ, with viral particles encapsidating almost exclusively 1G RNAs and 3G RNAs retained in cells where they are enriched on polysomes and among spliced viral RNAs. Here, we studied replication properties of virus promoter mutants that produced only one RNA 5' isoform or the other: separately, in combination, and during spreading infection.

Application of pulp tissue genetic profile in orthodontic tooth movement: a needle in a haystack?

A Commentary On: Zhao Z, Attanasio C, Zong C, Pedano M S, Cadenas de Llano-Pérula M. How does orthodontic tooth movement influence the dental pulp? RNA-sequencing on human premolars. Int Endod J 2024; 57: 1783-1801.

Nivolumab plus relatlimab in patients with relapsed or progressed B-cell malignancies in RELATIVITY-022.

Despite high response rates, anti-PD-1 therapy monotherapy eventually fails in most patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) and is generally ineffective in most other B-cell malignancies. The lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) cell-surface receptor represents another immune checkpoint molecule that can be targeted to induce remissions in these diseases; dual inhibition of PD-1 and LAG-3 is approved for treating advanced melanoma. We performed a multicenter phase 1/2a open-label study of the anti-LAG-3 antibody relatlimab (RELATIVITY-022) administered as monotherapy or in combination with nivolumab in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies.

Cellular immune breadth of an Omicron-specific, self-amplifying monovalent mRNA vaccine booster for COVID-19.

Selecting a booster vaccine strategy that generates cellular immune breadth is crucial for effectively recalling cellular reservoirs upon infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. This post hoc analysis from a multicentre, randomized phase 3 study (CTRI/2022/10/046475) compared the cellular immune breadth induced by self-replicating mRNA (samRNA) vaccine GEMCOVAC-OM, encoding Omicron B.1.

Sleep Disorders in CKD.

Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) but are often under-recognized. The most common sleep disturbances in people with CKD include insomnia, sleep apnea syndrome, restless leg syndrome, and periodic limb movement disorder. The presence of sleep disorders in CKD can further worsen the burden of high morbidity and mortality in a patient population with already high mortality rates.

Assessing Invasive Coronary Angiography Interpretation Education and Resources.

Background: There is a surprising lack of research surrounding effective teaching and learning methodologies in cardiology, especially in invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Therefore, a survey study was designed to assess perceived gaps in education in trainees' interpretation of ICA and available resources.

Methods: A 20-question survey was distributed via an online survey platform disseminated through a CardioNerds email newsletter and social media.

Echoes of authenticity: Reclaiming human sentiment in the large language model era.

This paper scrutinizes the unintended consequences of employing large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT for editing user-generated content (UGC), particularly focusing on alterations in sentiment. Through a detailed analysis of a climate change tweet dataset, we uncover that LLM-rephrased tweets tend to display a more neutral sentiment than their original counterparts. By replicating an established study on public opinions regarding climate change, we illustrate how such sentiment alterations can potentially skew the results of research relying on UGC.

Association of Statin Therapy with Functional Outcomes and Survival in Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are severe forms of stroke with high morbidity and mortality rates. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, commonly referred to as statins, known for their lipid-lowering abilities, also possess pleiotropic properties, including anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. We aimed to evaluate the impact of statin therapy on the functional outcomes and survival in patients with ICH and SAH.

Empowering India's fight against cervical cancer: Harnessing routine HPV immunisation.

Cervical cancer, driven by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, presents a significant health challenge in India, marked by high morbidity and mortality rates among women. This systemic review synthesises the latest research on HPV epidemiology in India, evaluates the effectiveness of existing vaccination programmes and compares India's strategies with those of countries that have successfully mitigated cervical cancer burden. Despite available vaccines targeting high-risk HPV types, vaccine coverage remains suboptimal due to challenges, such as accessibility, vaccine hesitancy and socioeconomic barriers.

Global perspectives on patient-centered outcomes: advancing patient-centered cancer clinical trials globally.

Patient-centered clinical trials prioritize the patient experience and outcomes that matter most to those affected by cancer. By centering on patient values and experiences, patient-centered outcomes research generates evidence to inform policies and practices, facilitating more personalized and effective cancer care. This manuscript explores the importance of patient-centered approaches in the global context, emphasizing challenges and opportunities for substantive patient engagement and the integration of patient-reported measures in clinical therapeutic trials in low- and middle-income countries.

Obinutuzumab in Rituximab-resistant and recurrent membranous nephropathy: a case-series.

Background: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, with high risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease when untreated. Rituximab is commonly used in its treatment however many patients do not respond. Obinutuzumab is a novel anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody for which there is increasing observational evidence in treatment-resistant membranous nephropathy.

A novel optimization of cone beam CT frequency for lung radiation therapy based on an image-guided radiation therapy protocol and patient classification method.

Background: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a standard imaging modality in the management of lung cancer with radiation therapy. The optimal frequency of CBCT imaging during a course of radiotherapy is not currently strongly defined for many anatomical sites, including lung, and in clinical practice typically ranges from daily to weekly. There is a trade-off between clinical benefit derived from optimal soft tissue targeting with daily CBCT and the increased non-therapeutic dose that such imaging regimen entails.

Identification and functional characterisation of a novel DNASE1L3 variant (c.572A>G, p.Asn191Ser) in three Emirati families with systemic lupus erythematosus and hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis.

Objectives: To evaluate the functional impact of a novel variant (c.572A>G, p.Asn191Ser) in three families with SLE and hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis (HUV) from the United Arab Emirates.

Fluorescence Enhanced Water-Soluble Ruthenium Complex: Advancing Precision in Cr(VI) Detection and Quantification.

The environment and human health are both at risk from the heavy metal chromium (VI), which is extremely toxic and carcinogenic. Chromium (VI) in various matrices must be accurately and quickly detected for both public safety and regulatory compliance. This paper describes the design and development of a novel fluorescence detector suitable for the sensitive and selective quantification of chromium (VI) ions.

Outcomes Among Adult Recipients of CAR T-cell Therapy for Burkitt Lymphoma.

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma associated with poor outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory disease. This multicenter, retrospective study evaluated real-world CD19 CAR T-cell therapy outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory BL using data abstracted from the medical records. In total, 31 patients received CAR T-cells after a median of 3 prior therapies (range 1-6).

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Dental Professionals Related to Periodontitis and Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Periodontitis is chronic infection and is linked to systemic diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a neurodegenerative disorder occurring due to accumulation of aggregates of amyloid β peptide and tau proteins. The current study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice about treating AD cases.