The Therapeutic Effects of SP-8356, a Verbenone Derivative, with Multimodal Cytoprotective Mechanisms in an Ischemic Stroke Rat Model.

An ischemic cerebral stroke results from the interruption of blood flow to the brain, triggering rapid and complex cascades of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Current reperfusion therapies, including intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy, cause further brain injury due to reperfusion-induced cytotoxicity. To date, novel cytoprotective therapies that could address these challenges have yet to be developed, likely due to the limitations of targeting a single pathologic mechanism.

Predictive and Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Neuroimaging Applications.

Background: The aim of this review is to highlight the new advance of predictive and explainable artificial intelligence for neuroimaging applications.

Methods: Data came from 30 original studies in PubMed with the following search terms: "neuroimaging" (title) together with "machine learning" (title) or "deep learning" (title). The 30 original studies were eligible according to the following criteria: the participants with the dependent variable of brain image or associated disease; the interventions/comparisons of artificial intelligence; the outcomes of accuracy, the area under the curve (AUC), and/or variable importance; the publication year of 2019 or later; and the publication language of English.

Predictors of manual dexterity at 3 and 6 months after stroke: integration of clinical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging factors.

This retrospective study aimed to predict dexterity at 3 and 6 months post-stroke by integrating clinical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging factors. We included 126 patients with first-ever, unilateral, and supratentorial stroke. Demographic, stroke characteristics, and initial clinical assessment variables [Mini-mental state examination and Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE)] were evaluated 2 weeks after stroke.

The Quinazoline Otaplimastat (SP-8203) Reduces the Hemorrhagic Transformation and Mortality Aggravated after Delayed rtPA-Induced Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia.

Acute ischemic stroke is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the only agent clinically approved by FDA for patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, delayed treatment of rtPA (e.

Effects of aging on brain networks during swallowing: general linear model and independent component analyses.

Swallowing disorders occur more frequently in older adults. However, the effects of the aging process on neural activation when swallowing are unclear. We aimed to identify neural regions activated during swallowing and evaluate changes in neural activation and neural networks with aging.

Shape and Volumetric Differences in the Corpus Callosum between Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Healthy Controls.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the morphometric differences in the corpus callosum between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls and analyze their relationship to gray matter changes.

Methods: Twenty female MDD patients and 21 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. To identify the difference in the regional gray matter concentration (GMC), VBM was performed with T1 magnetic resonance imaging.

Clinical and neuroimaging factors associated with aphasia severity in stroke patients: diffusion tensor imaging study.

This study investigated factors associated with aphasia severity at both 2 weeks and 3 months after stroke using demographic and clinical variables, brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters, and lesion volume measurements. Patients with left hemisphere stroke were assessed at 2 weeks (n = 68) and at 3 months (n = 20) after stroke. Demographic, clinical, and neuroimaging data were collected; language functions were assessed using the Western Aphasia Battery.

Reduced axial diffusivity and increased mode and T2 signals in cerebral white matter of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using tract-based spatial statistics.

Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered to be a multi-systemic disease involving pathological changes in the brain. This study investigated how diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters in patients with non-hypoxemic COPD differ from those in controls. Moreover, we tried to examine whether the mode of anisotropy (MO) reflects early changes in white matter (WM) integrity in COPD.

Neuroanatomical Mechanism of Cerebellar Mutism After Stroke.

Cerebellar mutism (CM) is a rare neurological condition characterized by lack of speech due to cerebellar lesions. CM is often reported in children. We describe a rare case of CM after spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage.