Probiotics in Experimental Ulcerative Colitis: Mast Cell Density and Neuronal Hypertrophy.

Background: Probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are among the supportive treatment methods to achieve effective results in ulcerative colitis. This study was established to investigate the effect of probiotics in experimental ulcerative colitis and to detect changes in mast cell and neuronal structures in this treatment method.

Methods: A total of 48 adult male rats were used to study the effects of probiotics on ulcerative colitis.

Reliability and agreement of Azure Kinect and Kinect v2 depth sensors in the shoulder joint range of motion estimation.

Background: Depth sensor-based motion analysis systems are of interest to researchers with low cost, fast analysis capabilities, and portability; thus, their reliability is a matter of interest. Our study examined the agreement and reliability in estimating the basic shoulder movements of Azure Kinect, Microsoft's state-of-the-art depth sensor, and its predecessor, Kinect v2, by comparing them with the gold standard marker-based motion analysis system.

Methods: In our study, the shoulder joint ranges of motion of 20 healthy individuals were analyzed during dominant-side flexion, abduction, and rotation movements.

Three-dimensional objective evaluation of facial palsy and follow-up of recovery with a handheld scanner.

Background: Clinicians need accurate, reproducible, fast, and cost-effective grading systems to determine facial functions. There is currently no internationally accepted objective method to report the loss of function at the onset of facial paralysis and subsequent recovery. Our study aimed to test a three-dimensional handheld light scanner's efficacy for grading facial paralysis and monitoring recovery.

The influences of porus acusticus internus on ethnicity and importance in preoperative and intraoperative approaches.

Purpose: The influences of porus acusticus internus (PAI) on ethnicity and differences between populations have not been investigated so far. Therefore, we performed this study to elucidate further the relationship between the different morphologies of PAI and ethnicity and to discuss their effects on surgery.

Methods: One hundred twenty dry adult human temporal bones (61 male, 59 female) were investigated in the study.

Assessment of axonal sprouting and motor performance after hypoglossal-facial end-to-side nerve repair: experimental study in rats.

Hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis (HFA) aims to reanimate denervated mimic muscles with hypoglossal axons when the transected facial nerve is not accessible. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recovery of HFA using a "Y" tube in two variants: (1) the proximal stump of the hypoglossal nerve was entubulated to the "Y" tube (classic "Y" tube HFA) and (2) the "Y" tube was sutured to an epineurial window of a slightly damaged hypoglossal nerve (end-to-side "Y" tube HFA). A total of 48 adult female rats were divided into four groups: intact controls (group 1), sham operated (group 2), classic "Y" tube HFA (group 3) and end-to-side "Y" tube HFA (group 4).

Sesamoid bones of the hand: A multicenter study.

Objectives: This study aims to document a detailed investigation on the sesamoid bones (SBs) of Turkish subjects from different parts of Turkey in a multi-center study, in both hands, according to gender, frequency and divisions of the bones' coexistence and bilaterality by radiography.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective and three-centered study was performed between June 2010 and April 2012. Sesamoid bones were examined by anteroposterior and oblique X-rays of 1,444 hands of 772 subjects (367 males, 405 females; mean age 42.

Anatomo-radiological importance and the incidence of os odontoideum in Turkish subjects: a retrospective study.

Purpose: Os odontoideum is a rare anatomical and morphological variation of the odontoid process and associated with a range of symptoms such as spinal cord and vertebral artery injuries. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of os odontoideum in Turkish cases by sagittal/coronal cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) and analyze the relationship with age, gender and related symptoms.

Methods: The incidence of os odontoideum was retrospectively diagnosed by sagittal/coronal cervical CT and MRI out of 16,122 subjects aged 20-70 years (mean 46) in the period between 2014 and 2018.

Protective effects of syringic acid on neurobehavioral deficits and hippocampal tissue damages induced by sub-chronic deltamethrin exposure.

Recent developments in the field of insecticide exposure have led to a renewed interest in alternative antioxidant therapy. The present study was to investigate the neuroprotective role of syringic acid (SA, 25 mg/kg/day) on the neurotoxicity and oxidative damage induced by deltamethrin (DTM, 1.28 mg/kg/day during two months) in CA1/3 pyramidal neurons.

InSafeLock humeral nail provides a safe application for proximal and distal locking screws with distal endopin - An anatomical study.

Introduction: Efforts to prevent iatrogenic neurovascular injuries with humeral intramedullary nailing lead to design new implants and inside to out distal locking technique using an endopin aims to provide a safer screw application. InSafeLock (TST, Istanbul, Turkey) humeral nail have been recently developed to minimize the possible screw related complications. The anatomical relationship between locking screws and neurovascular structures with the application time were compared between Trigen Humeral Nail (Smith and Nephew, Memphis, USA) and InSafeLock Humeral Nail.

Assessment of reproducibility and reliability of facial expressions using 3D handheld scanner.

Purpose: The three-dimensional morphological analysis of facial expressions has been becoming increasingly common and hand-held three-dimensional scanners can be advantageous in data acquisition due to their mobility. The aim of the present study was to test intra-subject, intra-observer and inter-observer reproducibility and reliability of a hand-held scanner during facial expressions.

Materials And Methods: In order to investigate intra-subject reproducibility and reliability, we performed face scanning two times on 30 healthy subjects at three-month intervals.

Effect of Pulsed and Continuous Ultrasound Therapy on the Degree of Collateral Axonal Branching at the Lesion Site, Polyinnervation of Motor End Plates, and Recovery of Motor Function after Facial Nerve Reconstruction.

The aim of the present study is to test whether ultrasound therapy of muscles denervated by nerve injury would improve the quality of their reinnervation by reduction of the collateral axonal branching at the lesion site and poly-innervation degree at the neuromuscular junctions. After transection and suture of the buccal branch of the facial nerve, pulsed or continuous type of ultrasound therapy was applied to the paralyzed whisker pad muscles of rats in the course of 2 months. Instead of reduction, we found a significant increase in the collateral axonal branching after continuous ultrasound therapy when compared to the branching determined after pulsed or sham ultrasound therapy.

Apelin/APJ expression in the heart and kidneys of hypertensive rats.

Hypertension is an important health problem that is manifested by systemic arterial blood pressure being permanently elevated and leading to serious complications. Hypertension is the basis for coronary heart diseases, heart failure, kidney damage, cerebrovascular diseases. Due to ethical concerns, there is no detailed study of the mechanism, side effects and treatment of hypertension in humans.

Accessory Ossicles of the Foot and Ankle: Disorders and a Review of the Literature.

Accessory ossicles of the foot and ankle are normal variants of bone development that usually remain asymptomatic. However, they may be involved in various disorders and become a source of pain such as in fractures, dislocations, degenerative changes, osteonecrosis, osteoarthritis, osteochondral lesions, avascular necrosis, and irritation or impingement of adjacent soft tissues. Hence, during the assessment of the situations above, knowledge about these little-known ossicles could be very important to reach the correct diagnosis.

Prevalence and distribution of the fabella: a radiographic study in Turkish subjects.

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the plain knee radiographs in Turkish subjects in order to determine the prevalence of the fabella and analyse the differences between age, gender, laterality and its symmetry pattern.

Materials And Methods: Bilateral antero-posterior and lateral knee radiographs of 500 patients (250 male and 250 female subjects, 1000 knee radiographs) were randomly selected from the clinical database and retrospectively evaluated. Data on patient age, gender, and knee laterality (right-left) were evaluated from hospital records.

Effect of sitting, standing, and supine body positions on facial soft tissue: detailed 3D analysis.

Medical imaging techniques require various body positions. Gravity causes changes in the facial soft tissue and acts in different directions according to the position of the head during imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of positional changes on the facial soft tissue.