Wider Dissemination of Simplified Chest Compression-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training Combined With Conventional Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training and 10-Year Trends in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Performed by Bystanders in a City.

Background: Little is known about how to effectively increase bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), so we evaluated the 10-year trend of the proportion of bystander CPR in an area with wide dissemination of chest compression-only CPR (CCCPR) training combined with conventional CPR training.

Methods and results: We conducted a descriptive study after a community intervention, using a prospective cohort from September 2010 to December 2019. The intervention consisted of disseminating CCCPR training combined with conventional CPR training in Toyonaka City since 2010.

Community-Wide Dissemination of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Automated External Defibrillator Use Using a 45-Minute Chest Compression-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training.

Background Little is known about whether cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR ) training can increase bystander CPR in the community or the appropriate target number of CPR trainings. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate community-wide aggressive dissemination of CPR training and evaluate temporal trends in bystander CPR . Methods and Results We provided CPR training (45-minute chest compression-only CPR plus automated external defibrillator use training or the conventional CPR training), targeting 16% of residents.

Public-access AED pad application and outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Osaka, Japan.

Background: Actual application of public-access automated external defibrillator (AED) pads to patients with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by the public has been poorly investigated.

Methods: AED applications, prehospital characteristics, and one-month outcomes of OHCAs occurring in Osaka Prefecture from 2011 to 2012 were obtained from the Utstein Osaka Project registry. Patients with a non-traumatic OHCA occurring before emergency medical service attendance were enrolled.

Compression-only CPR training in elementary schools and student attitude toward CPR.

Background: Little is known about the effectiveness of systematic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training for elementary school children.

Methods: We introduced systematic training of chest compression-only CPR and automated external defibrillator (AED) use to elementary school students aged 10-12 years at 17 schools. The questionnaire compared student attitudes towards CPR and their knowledge about it before and after CPR training.

Effectiveness of simplified 15-min refresher BLS training program: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of 15-min refresher basic life support (BLS) training following 45-min chest compression-only BLS training.

Methods: After the 45-min chest compression-only BLS training, the participants were randomly assigned to either the refresher BLS training group, which received a 15-min refresher training 6 months after the initial training (refresher training group), or to the control group, which did not receive refresher training. Participants' resuscitation skills were evaluated by a 2-min case-based scenario test 1 year after the initial training.

Factors affecting layperson confidence in performing resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Japan.

Aim: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation including automated external defibrillator use increases the chance of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, bystanders may be distressed by witnessing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and may hesitate to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The present study examined factors associated with layperson confidence in carrying out resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.

Long-term retention of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills after shortened chest compression-only training and conventional training: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: It is unclear how much the length of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training program can be reduced without ruining its effectiveness. The authors aimed to compare CPR skills 6 months and 1 year after training between shortened chest compression-only CPR training and conventional CPR training.

Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to either the compression-only CPR group, which underwent a 45-minute training program consisting of chest compressions and automated external defibrillator (AED) use with personal training manikins, or the conventional CPR group, which underwent a 180-minute training program with chest compressions, rescue breathing, and AED use.

Effectiveness of the new 'Mobile AED Map' to find and retrieve an AED: A randomised controlled trial.

Background: Although early shock with an automated external defibrillator (AED) is one of the several key elements to save out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims, it is not always easy to find and retrieve a nearby AED in emergency settings. We developed a cell phone web system, the Mobile AED Map, displaying nearby AEDs located anywhere. The simulation trial in the present study aims to compare the time and travel distance required to access an AED and retrieve it with and without the Mobile AED Map.

Instability of the pelvic ring and injury severity can be predictors of death in patients with pelvic ring fractures: a retrospective study.

Background: The correlation between fracture type and mortality in patients with pelvic fracture has been previously investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether instability of the pelvic ring as assessed by Tile's classification is a predictor of death in patients with pelvic fractures.

Materials And Methods: The clinical course of consecutive patients with pelvic fractures was retrospectively reviewed.

A role for IL-18 in human neutrophil apoptosis.

Decreased neutrophil apoptosis is associated with persistent inflammation, the severity of which correlates with serum IL-18 levels. IL-18 receptors as well as Toll-like receptors, including Toll-like receptor 4, a receptor for LPS, possess a highly conserved intracellular domain called "Toll-IL-1R domain" and activate overlapping signaling pathways. Here, we show that IL-18 modulates neutrophil apoptosis and compare its mechanism of action with LPS.

Role of interleukin 18 in nitric oxide production and pancreatic damage during acute pancreatitis.

The release of the immunomodulator, interleukin 18 (IL-18) into sera early in acute pancreatitis (AP) corresponds to disease severity. IL-18 induces nitric oxide (NO), which is involved in the pathophysiology of pancreatitis. The objective of this study was to clarify the role of IL-18 in pathogenesis and NO production during early AP using recombinant mouse (rm) IL-18 protein and IL-18 gene knockout (KO) mice.

Plasma nitrotyrosine concentration relates to prognosis in human septic shock.

Interrelation of plasma nitrotyrosine (NT) concentrations in patients of septic shock and their prognosis was examined. Blood samples were obtained from 12 patients during the first episode of septic shock at hospitalization, and their plasma NT concentrations were measured. Five patients died within five days after hospitalization, but seven patients recovered.

Interleukin-18 induces acute biphasic reduction in the levels of circulating leukocytes in mice.

We investigated the acute hematological changes caused by interleukin-18 (IL-18) in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of IL-18 (2 microg/mouse) resulted in biphasic decreases in the number of leukocytes in the blood. The first phase of decrease occurred within 2 h of IL-18 administration and was followed by a transient increase at 5 h.

Effects of saikosaponins on hepatic damage induced by halothane and hypoxia in phenobarbital-pretreated rats.

The effects of saikosaponins-a.-b,-b,-c, and-d on hepatic damage induced by halothane and hypoxia were investigated in the rat. Inhalation of halothane under a hypoxic condition significantly increased serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels in rats pretreated with phenobarbital compared with rats pretreated without phenobarbital.