Patient-reported outcomes, weight loss, and remission of type 2 diabetes 3 years after gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy (Oseberg); a single-centre, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Little is known about the comparative effects of various bariatric procedures on patient-reported outcomes. We aimed to compare 3-year effects of gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on patient-reported outcome measures in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The Oseberg trial was a single-centre, parallel-group, randomised trial at Vestfold Hospital Trust, a public tertiary obesity centre in Tønsberg, Norway.

Colonoscopy quality improvement after initial training: A cross-sectional study of intensive short-term training.

High-quality is crucial for the effectiveness of colonoscopy and can be achieved by high-quality training and verified with assessment of key performance indicators (KPIs) for colonoscopy such as cecum intubation rate (CIR), adenoma detection rate (ADR) and adequate polyp resection. Typically, trainees achieve adequate CIR after 275 procedures, but little is known about learning curves for KPIs after initial training. This cross-sectional study includes work-up colonoscopies after a positive screening test with fecal occult blood testing (FIT) or sigmoidoscopy, performed by either trainees after 300 training colonoscopies or by consultants.

Structural and mechanistic basis for translation inhibition by macrolide and ketolide antibiotics.

Macrolides and ketolides comprise a family of clinically important antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis by binding within the exit tunnel of the bacterial ribosome. While these antibiotics are known to interrupt translation at specific sequence motifs, with ketolides predominantly stalling at Arg/Lys-X-Arg/Lys motifs and macrolides displaying a broader specificity, a structural basis for their context-specific action has been lacking. Here, we present structures of ribosomes arrested during the synthesis of an Arg-Leu-Arg sequence by the macrolide erythromycin (ERY) and the ketolide telithromycin (TEL).

The effect of train-the-colonoscopy-trainer course on colonoscopy quality indicators.

Background: Systematic training in colonoscopy is highly recommended; however, we have limited knowledge of the effects of "training-the-colonoscopy-trainer" (TCT) courses. Using a national quality register on colonoscopy performance, we aimed to evaluate the effects of TCT participation on defined quality indicators.

Methods: This observational study compared quality indicators (pain, cecal intubation, and polyp detection) between centers participating versus not participating in a TCT course.

Incomplete endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps: a prospective quality assurance study.

Background:  Endoscopic screening with polypectomy has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer incidence in randomized trials. Incomplete polyp removal and subsequent development of post-colonoscopy cancers may attenuate the effect of screening. This study aimed to quantify the extent of incomplete polyp removal.

Publisher Correction: Ornithine capture by a translating ribosome controls bacterial polyamine synthesis.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Erosive Esophagitis and Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients with Morbid Obesity with and without Type 2 Diabetes: a Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the general population, but the relationship between these conditions in candidates for bariatric surgery is uncertain. We compared the prevalence of GERD and the association between GERD symptoms and esophagitis among bariatric candidates with and without T2DM.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of baseline data from the Oseberg study in Norway.

Ornithine capture by a translating ribosome controls bacterial polyamine synthesis.

Polyamines are essential metabolites that play an important role in cell growth, stress adaptation and microbial virulence. To survive and multiply within a human host, pathogenic bacteria adjust the expression and activity of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes in response to different environmental stresses and metabolic cues. Here, we show that ornithine capture by the ribosome and the nascent peptide SpeFL controls polyamine synthesis in γ-proteobacteria by inducing the expression of the ornithine decarboxylase SpeF, via a mechanism involving ribosome stalling and transcription antitermination.

Single-centre, triple-blinded, randomised, 1-year, parallel-group, superiority study to compare the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on remission of type 2 diabetes and β-cell function in subjects with morbid obesity: a protocol for the Obesity urgry in Tøns (seberg) study.

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is increasingly recognised as an effective treatment option for subjects with type 2 diabetes and obesity; however, there is no conclusive evidence on the superiority of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. The Oseberg study was designed to compare the effects of gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on remission of type 2 diabetes and β-cell function.

Methods And Analysis: Single-centre, randomised, triple-blinded, two-armed superiority trial carried out at the Morbid Obesity Centre at Vestfold Hospital Trust in Norway.

Registration bias in a clinical quality register.

 The quality of medical quality registers is poorly defined and lack of trust in data due to low completeness may be a major barrier against their use in quality improvement interventions. The aim of the current observational study was to explore how selective reporting may influence adverse events registered in the Norwegian quality register for colonoscopy (Gastronet).  Gastronet's database includes data provided by endoscopists, nurses and patients.

Ribosomal stalling landscapes revealed by high-throughput inverse toeprinting of mRNA libraries.

Although it is known that the amino acid sequence of a nascent polypeptide can impact its rate of translation, dedicated tools to systematically investigate this process are lacking. Here, we present high-throughput inverse toeprinting, a method to identify peptide-encoding transcripts that induce ribosomal stalling in vitro. Unlike ribosome profiling, inverse toeprinting protects the entire coding region upstream of a stalled ribosome, making it possible to work with random or focused transcript libraries that efficiently sample the sequence space.

Endoscopy assistants influence the quality of colonoscopy.

Background: Colonoscopy performance varies between endoscopists, but little is known about the impact of endoscopy assistants on key performance indicators. We used a large prospective colonoscopy quality database to perform an exploratory study to evaluate differences in selected quality indicators between endoscopy assistants.

Methods: All colonoscopies reported to the Norwegian colonoscopy quality assurance register Gastronet can be used to trace individual endoscopy assistants.

Performance measures for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) quality improvement initiative.

The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and United European Gastroenterology present a short list of key performance measures for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. We recommend that endoscopy services across Europe adopt the following seven key performance measures for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy for measurement and evaluation in daily practice at a center and endoscopist level: rate of adequate bowel preparation (minimum standard 90%); cecal intubation rate (minimum standard 90%); adenoma detection rate (minimum standard 25%); appropriate polypectomy technique (minimum standard 80%); complication rate (minimum standard not set); patient experience (minimum standard not set); appropriate post-polypectomy surveillance recommendations (minimum standard not set). Other identified performance measures have been listed as less relevant based on an assessment of their importance, scientific acceptability, feasibility, usability, and comparison to competing measures.

Patient-reported adverse events after colonoscopy in Norway.

 Patient-reported outcome measures are increasingly important in healthcare. European guidelines have recommended inclusion of patient feedback to capture adverse events due to colonoscopy, but this is rarely implemented.  The Norwegian Quality Assurance network for endoscopy (Gastronet) collects patient-reported outcome for colonoscopies.

Performance measures for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Quality Improvement Initiative.

The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and United European Gastroenterology present a short list of key performance measures for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. We recommend that endoscopy services across Europe adopt the following seven key performance measures for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy for measurement and evaluation in daily practice at a center and endoscopist level: Rate of adequate bowel preparation (minimum standard 90 %);  Cecal intubation rate (minimum standard 90 %); Adenoma detection rate (minimum standard 25 %); Appropriate polypectomy technique (minimum standard 80 %); Complication rate (minimum standard not set); Patient experience (minimum standard not set); Appropriate post-polypectomy surveillance recommendations (minimum standard not set). Other identified performance measures have been listed as less relevant based on an assessment of their importance, scientific acceptability, feasibility, usability, and comparison to competing measures.

First quality score for referral letters in gastroenterology-a validation study.

Objective: To create and validate an objective and reliable score to assess referral quality in gastroenterology.

Design: An observational multicentre study.

Setting And Participants: 25 gastroenterologists participated in selecting variables for a Thirty Point Score (TPS) for quality assessment of referrals to gastroenterology specialist healthcare for 9 common indications.

How Widespread is Metabolite Sensing by Ribosome-Arresting Nascent Peptides?

In order to colonize a niche and compete for scarce resources, microorganisms have evolved means to adjust the expression levels of their biosynthetic enzymes in response to the changing levels of metabolites available to them. To do so, they often rely on transcription factors or structured RNAs that directly sense the concentration of metabolites and turn genes on or off accordingly. In some instances, however, a metabolite can be sensed by an actively translating ribosome bearing a nascent polypeptide whose specific amino acid sequence interferes with translation.

Time trends in quality indicators of colonoscopy.

Background: There is considerable variation in the quality of colonoscopy performance. The Norwegian quality assurance programme Gastronet registers outpatient colonoscopies performed in Norwegian endoscopy centres. The aim of Gastronet is long-term improvement of endoscopist and centre performance by annual feedback of performance data.

Risk stratification to predict pain during unsedated colonoscopy: results of a multicenter cohort study.

Background And Study Aims: Colonoscopy without sedation has several advantages over sedated colonoscopy, but a considerable proportion of patients experience pain. The aim of this study was to develop a risk stratification model of pre-examination risk factors to enable targeted sedation during colonoscopy.

Patients And Methods: Between October 2011 and January 2012, consecutive outpatients who were willing to start colonoscopy without sedation at 11 Norwegian centers were prospectively recruited.

[Pain in connection with colonoscopy in Norway].

Background: Colonoscopies are common examinations at Norwegian hospitals. In contrast to many other countries, the majority of colonoscopies in Norway are conducted without routine sedation or analgesia. We wanted to investigate whether current Norwegian practice offers adequate pain relief.