Radiation research trends by young scientists and the future tasks in Northern Japan: report on 'the 10th educational symposium on radiation and health (ESRAH) by young scientists in 2023'.

Purpose: Since 2014, an educational activity on radiation and health in northern Japan has been carried out by young scientists, the so-called 'Educational Symposium on Radiation and Health (ESRAH)'. Close cooperation has been continued in preparing for any possible emergency response to radiation accidents because several facilities, e.g.

Cell-cycle dependence on the biological effects of boron neutron capture therapy and its modification by polyvinyl alcohol.

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a unique radiotherapy of selectively eradicating tumor cells using boron compounds (e.g., 4-borono-L-phenylalanine [BPA]) that are heterogeneously taken up at the cellular level.

Evaluation of Cell Cycle-Dependent Migration Activity after X-ray Exposure: A Radiobiological Approach for Optimization of Radiotherapy with Cell Cycle-Targeting Agents.

Radiotherapy with cell cycle-specific anticancer agents has become an important option in the control of both primary tumors and metastases. Here, we used image analysis algorithms that enable quick segmentation and tracking to describe a radiobiological approach for the optimized selection of cell cycle-targeting anticancer drugs for radiotherapy. We confirmed cell cycle-synchronization using human cervical cancer HeLa cells expressing a fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) as a cell cycle-monitoring probe.

Scd1 and monounsaturated lipids are required for autophagy and survival of adipocytes.

Objective: Exposure of adipocytes to 'cool' temperatures often found in the periphery of the body induces expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (Scd1), an enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids. The goal of this study is to further investigate the roles of Scd in adipocytes.

Method: In this study, we employed Scd1 knockout cells and mouse models, along with pharmacological Scd1 inhibition to dissect the enzyme's function in adipocyte physiology.

Cell cycle dependence of cell survival following exposure to X-rays in synchronous HeLa cells expressing fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicators.

The cell cycle dependence of radiosensitivity has yet to be fully determined, as it is technically difficult to achieve a high degree of cell cycle synchronization in cultured cell systems and accurately detect the cell cycle phase of individual cells simultaneously. We used human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells expressing fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicators (FUCCI), and employed the mitotic harvesting method that is one of the cell cycle synchronization methods. The imaging analysis confirmed that the cell cycle is highly synchronized after mitotic cell harvesting until 18-20 h of the doubling time has elapsed.

SCD1 and monounsaturated lipids are required for autophagy and survival of adipocytes.

Exposure of adipocytes to 'cool' temperatures often found in the periphery of the body induces expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (SCD1), an enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids. In this study, we employed knockout cells and mouse models, along with pharmacological SCD1 inhibition, to investigate further the roles of SCD1 in adipocytes. Our study reveals that production of monounsaturated lipids by SCD1 is necessary for fusion of autophagosomes to lysosomes and that with a SCD1-deficiency, autophagosomes accumulate.

Validation of mitotic harvesting method with human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells expressing fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicators for radiation research.

The cell cycle is a series of events in the process of one cell giving rise to two daughter cells. The mitotic harvesting method, established by Terasima and Tolmach in the 1960s, causes minimal physiological stress on the cells and achieves a high degree of cell cycle synchrony by collecting only mitotic cells from a cultured cell system. The purpose of the present study is to validate the versatility of the mitotic harvesting method using human cervical cell line HeLa cells expressing Fluorescent Ubiquitination-based Cell Cycle Indicators (FUCCI) and to estimate the cell cycle-dependent changes in radiosensitivity in HeLa-FUCCI cells.

De Novo Design of A Membrane-Anchored Probe for Multidimensional Quantification of Endocytic Dynamics.

As a process of cellular uptake, endocytosis, with gradient acidity in different endocytic vesicles, is vital for the homeostasis of intracellular nutrients and other functions. To study the dynamics of endocytic pathway, a membrane-anchored pH probe, ECGreen, is synthesized to visualize endocytic vesicles under structured illumination microscopy (SIM), a super-resolution technology. Being sensitive to acidity with increasing fluorescence at low pH, ECGreen can differentiate early and late endosomes as well as endolysosomes.

New Lipophilic Fluorescent Dyes for Labeling Extracellular Vesicles: Characterization and Monitoring of Cellular Uptake.

PKH dyes, which are currently the most widely used fluorescent probes for extracellular vesicle (EV) labeling, have some limitations. For example, these dyes tend to aggregate, leading to formation of EV-like nanoparticles that can be taken up by cells. Moreover, it has been suggested that PKH dyes trigger an enlargement of EVs because of membrane fusion or intercalation.

[Coronary artery bypass grafting for a patient with effort angina pectoris and apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: case report].

A sixty-five year old man, known to have had apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (APH) since 1981, presented worsening of angina pectoris. Severe triple coronary artery disease was diagnosed and referred to our department for surgery. He underwent quintruple coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with left internal thoracic artery, left radial artery and saphenous veins.

Simultaneous coronary artery bypass grafting and ascending aorta bifemoral bypass in small aorta syndrome.

A 55-year-old man with severe coronary artery disease and aortoiliac occlusive disease with small aorta syndrome was admitted to our department with angina pectoris and bilateral claudication. Intravenous subtraction angiography showed total occlusion of the right common iliac artery and 99% stenosis of the left common iliac artery with a markedly hypoplastic infrarenal aorta only 9 mm in diameter. It also revealed 90% stenosis at the origin of the left subclavian artery.

Giant noninflammatory and nonatherosclerotic coronary arterial aneurysm in the left main trunk assessed by intravascular ultrasound imaging--a case report.

A case of a giant noninflammatory and nonatherosclerotic coronary arterial aneurysm in the left main trunk of a 69-year-old female is reported. Preoperative intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images were helpful for visualizing the morphologic and histologic features of the coronary aneurysm. They were also useful for determining the etiologic background and surgical procedure.

[Modified Bentall's operation necessitating coronary artery bypass grafting: a case report].

A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of the aortic root aneurysm. Preoperative chest computed tomography revealed that the aneurysm was located mainly at the right and noncoronary Valsalva sinus with calcification around the right coronary ostia. Modified Bentall's operation was performed.

[A case of coronary artery embolism after double valve replacement].

A 69-year-old woman with combined valvular heart disease (mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation), ascending aortic aneurysm, and atrial fibrillation underwent double valve replacement (DVR) and, ascending aortic wall plication. The postoperative thrombo-test level was around 20%. The ST elevation on ECG (II, III, aVFm, V4 approximately V6) with chest pain were recognized on the 13 th postoperative day.

[Simultaneous replacement of the aortic valve and the ascending aorta: its operative procedure, early and late postoperative results: especially for annuloaortic ectasia and dissecting aneurysm of the aorta].

During the past 18 years, from March 1972 to February 1991, 105 patients had replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve. Operative techniques used in these patients, early and late postoperative results of these patients were reported. One hundred patients had composite graft replacement, and 76 patients of them were treated by Bentall's technique or its modification.

[An emergent aortic and mitral valve replacement for active infective endocarditis preoperatively using extracorporeal ultrafiltration method].

We reported a 29-year-old man with active endocarditis complicating aortic and mitral valve regurgitation. The echocardiogram showed a mycotic aneurysm at aortic valvular annulus and a aneurysm of mitral valve. Heart failure was progressive and caused anuria.

[Coronary-coronary bypass (C-C bypass) in 2 cases].

A left IMA graft to LAD associated with c-c graftings using saphenous vein were simultaneously performed in 70-year old man and 44-year-old man with multiple coronary disease. Postoperative catheterization showed patency in both cases. It is advisable to perform c-c bypass for patients with calcification of ascending aorta or stenosis of distal RCA such as 4-PD or 4-AV.

[Clinico-statistical analysis of the prognostic factors in patients underwent Bentall procedure].

Between March, 1972, and December, 1988, 93 patients had replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve with a composite graft (Bentall procedure and its modification). Annuloaortic ectasia was the most common indication for operation (61 patients), followed by DeBakey type I aortic dissection (20 patients) and DeBakey type II dissection (12 patients). Method of the coronary reimplantation included direct one lane coronary orifice anastomosis in 22 patients; direct two lane coronary orifice anastomosis in 52; interposition graft in 9; combination of direct two lane coronary orifice anastomosis and interposition graft in 2; direct two lane anastomosis and brachiocephalic-coronary bypass grafting with saphenous vein in 7; interposition graft and brachiocephalic-coronary bypass grafting in 1.

[Aortic wall injury and thrombogenesis in catheterization: experimental study].

Arterial and venous catheterization is a very useful procedure in the diagnosis of heart diseases. However, some complications with thrombogenesis have been reported. Two kinds of Mikaelson-type non-heparin-coated angiographic catheters (with 6.

[Two cases reports of neurologic complications after aortic aneurysm operation].

Two cases with dissecting aortic aneurysm of DeBakey type IIIb were treated by graft replacement of the descending thoracic aorta under temporary bypass (Heparinized Hydrophilic Polymer shunt tube) with concurrent somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) monitoring. The SEP was unchanged during operation in both cases, and three sets of intercostal or lumbar arteries were reattached in case 2. In case 1 anterior spinal artery syndrome occurred below the fourth thoracic level (T-4) and right side hemiplegia immediately after the operation.