Clinical characteristics and serological profiles of Lyme disease in children: a 15-year retrospective cohort study in Switzerland.

Background: Lyme disease (LD) is caused by and is the most common tickborne disease in the northern hemisphere. Although classical characteristics of LD are well-known, the diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. Laboratory diagnosis by serological testing is recommended for most LD manifestations.

Paediatric rotations in undergraduate medical education in Switzerland: Meeting students' expectations and the goals of the competency-based learning catalogue PROFILES.

Introduction: The competency-based catalogue of learning objectives "Principal Relevant Objectives and Framework for Integrative Learning and Education in Switzerland" (PROFILES) based on Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) was newly introduced in 2018 in undergraduate medical education in Switzerland. Clerkships provide opportunities for students to train clinical skills and competencies within the curriculum. This study aims to assess the students' experiences during paediatric clerkships and whether they achieve the expected competency level of certain EPAs by the end of their training.

Extrinsic electric field modulates neuronal development and increases photoreceptor population in retinal organoids.

Introduction: Considering the significant role played by both intrinsic and extrinsic electric fields in the growth and maturation of the central nervous system, the impact of short exposure to external electric fields on the development and differentiation of retinal organoids was investigated.

Methods: Retinal organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells were used at day 80, a key stage in their differentiation. A single 60-minute exposure to a biphasic electrical field was administered to assess its influence on retinal cell populations and maturation markers.

Buddy taping after reduction of displaced extra-articular phalangeal finger fractures in children: a randomized controlled trial.

In this randomized controlled trial, we assessed the non-inferiority of buddy taping to splinting after reduction of displaced extra-articular proximal and middle phalangeal finger fractures in children. The primary outcome was the rate of secondary fracture displacements; the secondary outcomes were patient comfort, analgesic efficacy and total range of active motion 6 months after injury. Eighty-one patients participated: 43 with taping and 38 with splinting.

Pushing redox potentials to highly positive values using inert fluorobenzenes and weakly coordinating anions.

While the development of weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) received much attention, the progress on weakly coordinating and inert solvents almost stagnated. Here we study the effect of strategic F-substitution on the solvent properties of fluorobenzenes CFH (xFB, x = 1-5). Asymmetric fluorination leads to dielectric constants as high as 22.

Management of Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: S100b, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, and Heart Fatty-Acid-Binding Protein Promising Biomarkers.

Children are highly vulnerable to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Blood biomarkers can help in their management. This study evaluated the performances of biomarkers, in discriminating between children with mTBI who had intracranial injuries (ICIs) on computed tomography (CT+) and (1) patients without ICI (CT-) or (2) both CT- and in-hospital-observation without CT patients.

Spatial invasion of cooperative parasites.

In this paper we study invasion probabilities and invasion times of cooperative parasites spreading in spatially structured host populations. The spatial structure of the host population is given by a random geometric graph on [0,1], n∈N, with a Poisson(N)-distributed number of vertices and in which vertices are connected over an edge when they have a distance of at most r with r of order N for some 0<β<1. At a host infection many parasites are generated and parasites move along edges to neighbouring hosts.

Evaluation of machine learning-based classification of clinical impairment and prediction of clinical worsening in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Robust predictive models of clinical impairment and worsening in multiple sclerosis (MS) are needed to identify patients at risk and optimize treatment strategies.

Objective: To evaluate whether machine learning (ML) methods can classify clinical impairment and predict worsening in people with MS (pwMS) and, if so, which combination of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and ML algorithm is optimal.

Methods: We used baseline clinical and structural MRI data from two MS cohorts (Berlin: n = 125, Amsterdam: n = 330) to evaluate the capability of five ML models in classifying clinical impairment at baseline and predicting future clinical worsening over a follow-up of 2 and 5 years.

Utilizing the Perfluoronaphthalene Radical Cation as a Selective Deelectronator to Access a Variety of Strongly Oxidizing Reactive Cations.

A selective deelectronation reagent with very high potential of +2.00 (solution)/+2.41 V (solid-state) vs.

Cone Beam-CT-Based Bone Volume Assessments of Alveolar Synthetic Bone Graft GlassBONE™ in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Clefts of the lip and palate (CLP) are facial deformities that require multiple surgical procedures during childhood. One of these steps consists of filling the alveolar space with bone graft, traditionally removed from the iliac crest. However, this procedure could be invasive in children.

Survival and Functional Integration of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Organoids After Shipping and Transplantation into Retinal Degeneration Rats.

Because derivation of retinal organoids (ROs) and transplantation are frequently split between geographically distant locations, we developed a special shipping device and protocol capable of the organoids' delivery to any location. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived ROs were differentiated from the hESC line H1 (WA01), shipped overnight to another location, and then transplanted into the subretinal space of blind immunodeficient retinal degeneration (RD) rats. Development of transplants was monitored by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

pH-dependent electrostatic interactions between enzymes and nanoparticles in Pickering emulsions - Influence on activity and droplet size.

Pickering emulsions (PE) are liquid-liquid systems that are stabilized by solid (nano)particles at the fluid interface. They offer higher stability, easier separation and lower toxicity compared to classical emulsions stabilized by surfactants. Common applications range from food science to drug delivery.

Splicing modulators impair DNA damage response and induce killing of cohesin-mutant MDS and AML.

Splicing modulation is a promising treatment strategy pursued to date only in splicing factor-mutant cancers; however, its therapeutic potential is poorly understood outside of this context. Like splicing factors, genes encoding components of the cohesin complex are frequently mutated in cancer, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where they are associated with poor outcomes. Here, we showed that cohesin mutations are biomarkers of sensitivity to drugs targeting the splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1) H3B-8800 and E-7107.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of paediatric appendicular skeletal fractures: performance and limitations for common fracture types and locations.

Background: Research into artificial intelligence (AI)-based fracture detection in children is scarce and has disregarded the detection of indirect fracture signs and dislocations.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of an existing AI-tool for the detection of fractures, indirect fracture signs, and dislocations.

Materials And Methods: An AI software, BoneView (Gleamer, Paris, France), was assessed for diagnostic accuracy of fracture detection using paediatric radiology consensus diagnoses as reference.

Analytical description of adolescent binge drinking patients.

Background: Binge drinking is a widespread health compromising behavior among adolescents and young adults, leading to significant health problems, injuries and mortality. However, data on alcohol consumption is often unreliable, as it is mainly based on self-reporting surveys. In this five-year study (2014-2019) at the University Children's Hospital Zurich, we analyzed blood samples from adolescent binge drinking patients to investigate blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), co-ingestion of drugs, assess compliance between self-reported and measured substance use, and test for genetic components of innate alcohol tolerance.

Evaluating how cationic lipid affects mRNA-LNP physical properties and biodistribution.

RNA therapeutics represents a powerful strategy for diseases where other approaches have failed, especially given the recent successes of mRNA vaccines against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and small interfering (siRNA) therapeutics. However, further developments are still required to reduce toxicity, improve stability and biodistribution of mRNA-LNPs (lipid nanoparticles). Here, we show a rational combinatorial approach to select the best formulation based on a new cationic lipid molecule (IM21.

Paediatric fractures of carpal bones other than the scaphoid.

Objectives: Fractures of carpal bones other than the scaphoid are rare in children. The aim of this study was to analyze results and identify risk factors for an unfavorable outcome.

Material And Methods: Children and adolescents up to the age of 16 years who sustained a carpal fracture other than in the scaphoid between 2004 and 2021 were reviewed in this single-center retrospective study.

Sedation and Analgesia for Reduction of Pediatric Ileocolic Intussusception.

Importance: Ileocolic intussusception is an important cause of intestinal obstruction in children. Reduction of ileocolic intussusception using air or fluid enema is the standard of care. This likely distressing procedure is usually performed without sedation or analgesia, but practice variation exists.

Isolation, Structural and Physical Characterization as well as Reactivity of Persistent Acenium Radical Cation Salts.

The unsubstituted acenium radical cations (ARCs) are extremely sensitive and were hitherto only studied in situ, i. e. in the gas phase, as dilute solutions in strong acids or by matrix isolation spectroscopy at about 10 K.

Coordination versus Insertion: On the Interaction of 5 d-Transition Metal Carbonyl Clusters with Silver(I).

The title silver(I) complex salts [Ag{Re (CO) }{Re(CO) } ] [Al(OR ) ] (AgRe ; OR =-OC(CF ) ) and [Ag{Ir (CO) } ] [Al(OR ) ] (AgIr ) form upon reaction of Ag [Al(OR ) ] and the transition metal carbonyls (TMCs) Re (CO) and Ir (CO) respectively. The solid-state structure of the AgRe cluster shows an unexpected asymmetric coordination motif, wherein the silver(I) cation has inserted into the Re-Re bond of one Re (CO) moiety, while the other dirhenium carbonyl coordinates only over one metal atom towards the silver(I) cation. The AgIr cluster is formed by the edge-on coordination of two Ir tetrahedra and the silver cation in a D symmetric fashion with a torsion angle of 46.

Willingness to vaccinate children against COVID-19 declined during the pandemic.

Objectives: To document the level of vaccine hesitancy in caregivers' of children younger than 12 years of age over the course of the pandemic in Pediatric Emergency Departments (ED). Study design Ongoing multicenter, cross-sectional survey of caregivers presenting to 19 pediatric EDs in the USA, Canada, Israel, and Switzerland during first months of the pandemic (phase1), when vaccines were approved for adults (phase2) and most recently when vaccines were approved for children (phase3).

Results: Willingness to vaccinate rate declined over the study period (59.