Acquired dysfunction of CFTR underlies cystic fibrosis-like disease of the canine gallbladder.

Mucocele formation in dogs is a unique and enigmatic muco-obstructive disease of the gallbladder caused by the amassment of abnormal mucus that bears striking pathological similarity to cystic fibrosis. We investigated the role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatory protein (CFTR) in the pathogenesis of this disease. The location and frequency of disease-associated variants in the coding region of CFTR were compared using whole genome sequence data from 2,642 dogs representing breeds at low-risk, high-risk, or with confirmed disease.

Genetic analysis of basal stalk rot resistance introgressed from wild into cultivated sunflower ( L.) using an advanced backcross population.

Introduction: is a serious pathogen causing severe basal stalk rot (BSR) disease on cultivated sunflower ( L.) that leads to significant yield losses due to insufficient resistance. The wild annual sunflower species , commonly known as prairie sunflower is known for its resistance against this pathogen.

Microbiome analysis of bile from apparently healthy cats and cats with suspected hepatobiliary disease.

Background: Bacterial infection of bile is a common cause of hepatobiliary disease in cats. Whether bile harbors a core microbiota in health or in cases of suspected hepatobiliary disease in cats is unknown.

Objectives: Establish if gallbladder bile in apparently healthy cats harbors a core microbiota composed of bacterial taxa common to many individuals.

Introgression and targeting of the Pl and Pl genes for downy mildew resistance from wild Helianthus annuus and H. praecox into cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).

Two new downy mildew resistance genes, Pl and Pl, were introgressed from wild sunflower species into cultivated sunflower and mapped to sunflower chromosomes 4 and 2, respectively Downy mildew (DM), caused by the oomycete pathogen Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. & de Toni, is known as the most prevalent disease occurring in global sunflower production areas, especially in North America and Europe.

Gallbladder microbiota in healthy dogs and dogs with mucocele formation.

To date studies have not investigated the culture-independent microbiome of bile from dogs, a species where aseptic collection of bile under ultrasound guidance is somewhat routine. Despite frequent collection of bile for culture-based diagnosis of bacterial cholecystitis, it is unknown whether bile from healthy dogs harbors uncultivable bacteria or a core microbiota. The answer to this question is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of biliary infection and as a baseline to exploration of other biliary diseases in dogs where uncultivable bacteria could play a pathogenic role.

MRI features can help to confirm a diagnosis of progressive myelomalacia, but may not be accurate in dogs lacking characteristic clinical signs at the time of imaging.

Progressive myelomalacia (PMM) is a fatal sequela of acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion in dogs, with unpredictable onset in the days after the inciting injury. No single reliable diagnostic test is currently available. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features such as T2-weighted spinal cord hyperintensity and loss of subarachnoid signal in a half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) sequence have been associated with PMM, but are sometimes present in other dogs with severe deficits.

Shear wave elastography evaluation of cats with chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health condition in cats that can lead to poor quality of life and financial implications for therapy. Currently staging and identification of CKD is limited by diagnostic testing such as creatinine and urine-specific gravity, which do not change until late in the disease course. Other methods to evaluate CKD would be valuable in the clinical setting.

ACVR and ECVDI consensus statement for the standardization of the abdominal ultrasound examination.

This consensus statement is designed to provide a standard of care document and describes the ACVR and ECVDI definition for performing a standard abdominal ultrasound examination in dogs and cats. The ACVR and ECVDI define a standard abdominal ultrasonographic examination as a complete exam of the abdominal organs which is appropriately documented. The consensus statement intends to provide guidance to veterinary sonographers and veterinarians for the performance and documentation of high-quality diagnostic ultrasound examination.

A Quantitative Genetic Study of Sclerotinia Head Rot Resistance Introgressed from the Wild Perennial into Cultivated Sunflower ( L.).

Sclerotinia head rot (HR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is an economically important disease of sunflower with known detrimental effects on yield and quality in humid climates worldwide. The objective of this study was to gain insight into the genetic architecture of HR resistance from a sunflower line HR21 harboring HR resistance introgressed from the wild perennial Helianthus maximiliani. An F2 population derived from the cross of HA 234 (susceptible-line)/HR21 (resistant-line) was evaluated for HR resistance at two locations during 2019−2020.

A Platelet-Rich Plasma-Derived Biologic Clears Biofilms While Mitigating Cartilage Degeneration and Joint Inflammation in a Clinically Relevant Large Animal Infectious Arthritis Model.

The leading cause of treatment failure in infections is the development of biofilms. Biofilms are highly tolerant to conventional antibiotics which were developed against planktonic cells. Consequently, there is a lack of antibiofilm agents in the antibiotic development pipeline.

Genomic Insights Into Sclerotinia Basal Stalk Rot Resistance Introgressed From Wild Into Cultivated Sunflower ( L.).

Crop wild relatives of the cultivated sunflower ( L.) are a valuable resource for its sustainable production. ssp.

Multiple Species of Asteraceae Plants Are Susceptible to Root Infection by the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen .

The necrotrophic fungal pathogen can cause disease on numerous plant species, including many important crops. Most -incited diseases of crop plants are initiated by airborne ascospores produced when fungal sclerotia germinate to form spore-bearing apothecia. However, basal stalk rot of sunflower occurs when sclerotia germinate to form mycelia within the soil, which subsequently invade sunflower roots.

Optimization of ultrasonographic ureteral jet detection and normal ureteral jet morphology in dogs.

Ureteral jets are visualized with ultrasound as echogenic streams extending from the ureterovesicular junction into the urinary bladder. In clinical practice, diuretics are sometimes administered to increase visibility of ureteral jets, however this has not been well described in the veterinary literature. The purpose of this prospective, crossover study was to describe the normal morphology of canine ureteral jets, determine an optimal protocol for diuretic administration to increase visibility of ureteral jets, and confirm in vitro the effect that differences in specific gravity and velocity have on visibility.

Investigational Agents for the Treatment of Resistant Yeasts and Molds.

Purpose Of Review: This review summarizes the investigational antifungals in clinical development with the potential to address rising drug resistance patterns. The relevant pharmacodynamics, spectrum of activity, preclinical studies, and latest clinical trial data are described.

Recent Findings: Agricultural and medicinal antifungal use has been selected for inherently drug-resistant fungi and acquired resistance mechanisms.

Investigation of the use of microwave ablation with and without cooling urethral perfusion for thermal ablation of the prostate gland in canine cadavers.

Objective: To investigate the use of microwave ablation (MWA) with cooling urethral perfusion and with no perfusion (MWA-UP and MWA-NP, respectively) for prostate gland ablation in canine cadavers.

Animals: Cadavers of 18 sexually intact male dogs.

Procedures: After technique refinement in 2 cadavers, laparotomy with ultrasound-guided MWA-UP (n = 8) or MWA-NP (8) of the prostate gland was performed in 16 cadavers.

Immune reconstitution and severity of COVID-19 among hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 can lead to life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections in patients with hematologic malignancies, particularly among hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. We describe two patients with COVID-19 during the pre-engraftment period after HCT and review previous reports of COVID-19 in HCT recipients. Because of significant mortality from COVID-19, primarily after allogeneic HCT, early, preemptive, and optimal directed therapy may improve outcomes and reduce the mortality rate but still needs to be established in clinical trials.

Unraveling the Basal Stalk Rot Resistance Derived From Wild Using a High-Density Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Linkage Map.

Basal stalk rot (BSR), caused by the fungus , is a serious disease of sunflower ( L.) in the humid temperate growing areas of the world. BSR resistance is quantitative and conditioned by multiple genes.

Proteinuria in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation: A retrospective case control study.

Background: Proteinuria is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in dogs. An association between proteinuria and gallbladder mucocele formation in dogs is unknown.

Objective: Determine if gallbladder mucocele formation or clinicopathologic comorbidities are associated with proteinuria.

Treatment of feline gastrointestinal intermediate- or large-cell lymphoma with lomustine chemotherapy and 8 Gy abdominal cavity radiation therapy.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to document the outcomes and toxicity of a novel multimodality treatment protocol for feline gastrointestinal intermediate- or large-cell lymphoma (FGL) in which cats were treated at 21-day intervals.

Methods: This was a prospective, single-arm study. Twelve client-owned cats with cytologically diagnosed FGL were treated with a combination of abdominal cavity radiation therapy (RT; 8 Gy total dose administered in two 4 Gy fractions, 21 days apart), lomustine chemotherapy (approximately 40 mg/m, administered orally at 21-day intervals for four treatments), prednisolone (5 mg PO q24h) and cobalamin (250 µg/week SC).

Determination of Virulence Phenotypes of in the United States.

Downy mildew, caused by (Farl.) Berl. and de Toni, is an economically important disease in cultivated sunflowers, L.

A Unique Cytoplasmic-Nuclear Interaction in Sunflower ( L.) Causing Reduced-Vigor Plants and the Genetics of Vigor Restoration.

Wild species are an important genetic resource for sunflower improvement, but sometimes there are adverse interactions between the wild and cultivated sunflowers. This study reports the inheritance of reduced vigor and its restoration resulting from an interaction of perennial cytoplasms with nuclear genes of cultivated sunflower lines. The large number of vigor restoration () genes identified in cultivated lines are all located at the same locus, designated , suggesting a common origin of these genes.

Genetic Dissection of Phomopsis Stem Canker Resistance in Cultivated Sunflower Using High Density SNP Linkage Map.

Phomopsis stem canker (PSC) caused by is increasingly becoming a global threat for sunflower production. In this study, the genetic basis of PSC resistance was investigated in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from a cross between HA 89 (susceptible) and HA-R3 (resistant). The RIL population was evaluated for PSC disease incidence (DI) in seven screening trials at multiple locations during 2016-2018.