Recurrent bacteremia with different strains of Streptococcus pyogenes in an immunocompromised child.

We report an immunocompromised child who experienced two episodes of bacteremia due to Streptococcus pyogenes. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA profiles, emm genotypes, superantigen profiles, antimicrobial susceptibility, and resistance-related genes were investigated, and the results showed different profiles between the two isolates. This is the first report describing recurrent bacteremia caused by different strains of S.

Diffusion-weighted MRI for early diagnosis of neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis.

Aim: To determine the early changes and evolutions of brain diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and analyze prognostic factors of the early changes among patients with neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis (NHSE).

Method: We selected patients who developed encephalitis by 28 d after birth; had herpes simplex infection; and who underwent magnetic resonance imaging, including DWI, ⩽7 d of symptom onset. Thirty-two DWI scans between 0 and 28 d after onset in 13 patients and the clinical data were recruited.

[Acute encephalitis/encephalopathy associated with transient involuntary movement and limbic dysfunction in the recovery phase].

We report 3 patients aged 3 - 4 years who presented with impaired consciousness and status epilepticus or a cluster of seizures, followed by transient involuntary movements and limbic dysfunction in the recovery phase. In all the patients, the involuntary movements were observed mainly on the left side and consisted of dystonia, athetosis, chorea, facial myoclonus, and oral dyskinesia. The patients also showed stereotypic movement, oral tendency, visual agnosia, and emotional disturbance, which suggested limbic dysfunction resembling Klüver-Bucy syndrome.

Subacute encephalopathy: clinical features, laboratory data, neuroimaging, and outcomes.

We sought to clarify the clinical, laboratory, neuroradiologic, and neurophysiologic features of the "subacute" subtype of encephalopathy. We retrospectively identified nine patients with subacute encephalopathy out of 97 patients diagnosed as manifesting acute encephalopathy. Neurologic symptoms, clinical course, laboratory data, neuroradiologic and electroencephalographic findings, and outcomes were reviewed through medical records.

[Drug-induced hypersensitivity due to phenytoin].

This study aimed to clarify factors associated with intravenous administered phenytoin-induced hypersensitivity reaction. The incidence of hypersensitivity was significantly more frequent in boys than in girls (P < 0.05).

Effect of corticosteroids in a twin child with idiopathic localization-related epilepsy.

Corticosteroids have been used only in the treatment of special epileptic syndromes or epileptic encephalopathies, such as infantile spasms. We report an antiepileptic effect of corticosteroids that were used for treatment of nephropathy in a monozygotic twin child with idiopathic localization-related epilepsy (I-LRE). The patient and her monozygotic twin sister exhibited repeated partial seizures at two years of age and electroencephalogram (EEG) showed focal spikes in the occipital area and, on other occasions, the centro-parietal areas.

Allergen-specific T-cell response in patients with phenytoin hypersensitivity; simultaneous analysis of proliferation and cytokine production by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dilution assay.

Background: Phenytoin can induce diversified adverse reactions including generalized eruptions and the hypersensitivity syndrome. Delayed-type allergic mechanisms have been postulated to underlie these reactions. The tests most widely used to detect T-cell sensitization to drugs are the patch test and the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), but their sensitivity is not sufficient.

Phenytoin desensitization in a child with symptomatic localization-related epilepsy.

We reported a child with refractory partial seizures successfully managed by clinical desensitization to phenytoin. The patient had ischemic brain lesions due to cardiopulmonary arrest at 39 weeks of corrected age. He had complex partial seizures refractory to several antiepileptic drugs since 4 years of age.