Encapsulated Copper-Based Phase-Change Materials for High-Temperature Heat Storage.

In this study, a copper-based capsule, encapsulated by a black alumina shell using a simple method, was developed for high-temperature heat storage over 1000 °C. The shell was filled with copper beads (diameter = ∼3 mm), the copper-aluminum (Cu-Al) atomized powder (particle size = 150 μm) was filled in the gap, and then it was heat-treated. This eventually formed a high-density, aluminum-rich network around the Cu beads in the shell.

Equivalence of the EMD- and NEMD-based decomposition of thermal conductivity into microscopic building blocks.

Thermal conductivity of a material can be comprehended as being composed of microscopic building blocks relevant to the energy transfer due to a specific microscopic process or structure. The building block is called the partial thermal conductivity (PTC). The concept of PTC is essential to evaluate the contributions of various molecular mechanisms to heat conduction and has been providing detailed knowledge of the contribution.

Effects of molecular structure on microscopic heat transport in chain polymer liquids.

In this paper, we discuss the molecular mechanism of the heat conduction in a liquid, based on nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of a systematic series of linear- and branched alkane liquids, as a continuation of our previous study on linear alkane [T. Ohara et al., J.

Analysis of mechanism for human gammadelta T cell recognition of nonpeptide antigens.

Whereas human gammadelta T cells respond to nonpeptide antigens like pyrophosphomonoesters and alkyl amines in the primary reactions, only pyrophosphomonoesters provoke proliferative responses in the secondary responses. To elucidate the differences in stimulatory activity between the two groups of nonpeptide antigens, we systematically analyzed time courses of gene expressions by microarray analyses. While 253 genes were induced by stimulation with 2-methyl-3-butenyl-1-pyrophosphate (2M3B1PP), only 35 genes were detected after stimulation with isobutyl amine.

Recognition mechanism of non-peptide antigens by human gammadelta T cells.

The majority of gammadelta T cells in adult human blood exhibit Vgamma2/Vdelta2-TCR and specifically respond to various kinds of non-peptide antigens. In this study, we comparatively analyzed the CDR3 repertoires of Vgamma2-gamma and Vdelta2-delta chain genes in the adult and cord blood. It was confirmed that the vast majority of adult gammadelta T cells exhibited Vgamma2-gamma chains bearing a Jgamma1.

Requirement of species-specific interactions for the activation of human gamma delta T cells by pamidronate.

Human gammadelta T cells bearing Vgamma2Vdelta2-TCR recognize various kinds of small nonpeptide Ags, and activation of them by a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate Ag, pamidronate, requires Ag presentation by cells other than gammadelta T cells, including many human tumor cells. Present results demonstrated that tumor cell lines of nonhuman origins pulsed with pamidronate failed to activate human gammadelta T cells without exception, whereas most if not all human tumor cell lines could do so. Gammadelta T cells formed stable conjugates with pamidronate-pulsed human tumor cells and both conjugate formation and gammadelta T cell activation were inhibited significantly by anti-LFA-1 mAb, suggesting the requirement of LFA-1-mediated interaction with APC for efficient gammadelta T cell activation.