Development of an Assessment Tool to Measure the Quality of Life Goal Setting for Cancer Survivors: A Content Validity Study.

Introduction: An initial version of the Reengagement Life Goal Assessment Tool for Cancer Survivors (ReGAT-C) was designed to measure the quality of life goal-setting practice conducted by responsible healthcare professionals along with nonterminal cancer survivors undergoing inpatient cancer treatment. This study aimed to test content validity of the ReGAT-C and revise it.

Methods: Eleven experts and nine healthcare professionals participated in this study.

Life Goal Domains, Traits, and Setting Process in the Collaboration between Healthcare Professionals and Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: : This study aimed to describe the classification of goal domains, goal traits, and the goal-setting process as revealed by previous life goal-setting practices of healthcare professionals collaborating with cancer survivors.

Methods: : The design was a scoping review. The MEDLINE, Academic Search Premier, and CINAHL databases were searched and mapped for papers with descriptions of goal domains, goal traits, and the goal-setting process.

Rasch Analysis of the Assessment of Quality of Activities (A-QOA), an Observational Tool for Clients With Dementia.

Importance: The Assessment of Quality of Activities (A-QOA) is an observation-based tool for assessing the strength of engagement in an activity by the person performing it in a natural context. By quantifying the quality of engagement, the A-QOA can help occupational therapy practitioners be better able to select meaningful activities and more clearly understand the effectiveness of various choices.

Objective: To examine use of the A-QOA as a valid unidimensional scale and to clarify preliminary results on its internal scale validity and item reliability using the Rasch model.

An Empirical Comparison of Meta- and Mega-Analysis With Data From the ENIGMA Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Working Group.

Brain imaging communities focusing on different diseases have increasingly started to collaborate and to pool data to perform well-powered meta- and mega-analyses. Some methodologists claim that a one-stage individual-participant data (IPD) mega-analysis can be superior to a two-stage aggregated data meta-analysis, since more detailed computations can be performed in a mega-analysis. Before definitive conclusions regarding the performance of either method can be drawn, it is necessary to critically evaluate the methodology of, and results obtained by, meta- and mega-analyses.

The detection of white matter alterations in obsessive-compulsive disorder revealed by TRActs Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy (TRACULA).

Purpose: In recent years, a large number of studies have investigated obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) and have reported microstructural abnormalities in various regions, mainly the corpus callosum and cingulum. In the present study, we aimed to detect microstructural changes in the white matter using whole-brain tractography.

Patients And Methods: We obtained MRI data from 25 adult non-medicated OCD patients and 27 healthy controls.

A common brain network among state, trait, and pathological anxiety from whole-brain functional connectivity.

Anxiety is one of the most common mental states of humans. Although it drives us to avoid frightening situations and to achieve our goals, it may also impose significant suffering and burden if it becomes extreme. Because we experience anxiety in a variety of forms, previous studies investigated neural substrates of anxiety in a variety of ways.

Cortical Abnormalities Associated With Pediatric and Adult Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Findings From the ENIGMA Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Working Group.

Objective: Brain imaging studies of structural abnormalities in OCD have yielded inconsistent results, partly because of limited statistical power, clinical heterogeneity, and methodological differences. The authors conducted meta- and mega-analyses comprising the largest study of cortical morphometry in OCD ever undertaken.

Method: T-weighted MRI scans of 1,905 OCD patients and 1,760 healthy controls from 27 sites worldwide were processed locally using FreeSurfer to assess cortical thickness and surface area.

A Qualitative Study to Explore Ways to Observe Results of Engaging Activities in Clients with Dementia.

Background: Many occupational therapists face the challenge of helping clients with dementia to select and perform meaningful occupations, which may be difficult due to cognitive impairment. Understanding tacit knowledge of well-experienced occupational therapists could positively affect occupational therapy practice for clients with dementia.

Objectives Of Study: To explore the observations of experienced occupational therapists when evaluating the effects of activities in clients with dementia.

A Neural Marker of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder from Whole-Brain Functional Connectivity.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of 2-3%. Recently, brain activity in the resting state is gathering attention for exploring altered functional connectivity in psychiatric disorders. Although previous resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies investigated the neurobiological abnormalities of patients with OCD, there are concerns that should be addressed.

Cortical thickness in obsessive-compulsive disorder: multisite mega-analysis of 780 brain scans from six centres.

Background: There is accumulating evidence for the role of fronto-striatal and associated circuits in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) but limited and conflicting data on alterations in cortical thickness.

Aims: To investigate alterations in cortical thickness and subcortical volume in OCD.

Method: In total, 412 patients with OCD and 368 healthy adults underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans.

Hyper-influence of the orbitofrontal cortex over the ventral striatum in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Dysfunction of the fronto-striato-thalamic circuit routing through the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is thought to play the main role in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Repetitious stimulation of the OFC-ventral striatum (VS) projections in mice has been shown to increase the firing of the postsynaptic VS cells and the frequency of OCD-like symptoms. Moreover, increased functional connectivity (FC) between the OFC and the VS has been reported in patients with OCD.

Altered fronto-striatal fiber topography and connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Fronto-striatal circuits are hypothesized to be involved in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Within this circuitry, ventral frontal regions project fibers to the ventral striatum (VS) and dorsal frontal regions to the dorsal striatum. Resting state fMRI research has shown higher functional connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the dorsal part of the VS in OCD patients compared to healthy controls (HC).

[Challenges and development of a nutritional management service system home page that targets personal computer novices 65 years of age or older].

Objectives: We intended to develop contents for nutritional management for elderly people using the Internet, and to consider factors relatied to the promotion of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was carried out consisting of items on diet support conditions and promoting the use of ICT by the elderly. Then, we developed a nutritional management system using a home page on a trial basis, after which n we studied the need, operability and environmental support of this system.

Multicenter voxel-based morphometry mega-analysis of structural brain scans in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Objective: Results from structural neuroimaging studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been only partially consistent. The authors sought to assess regional gray and white matter volume differences between large samples of OCD patients and healthy comparison subjects and their relation with demographic and clinical variables.

Method: A multicenter voxel-based morphometry mega-analysis was performed on 1.

Reduced dorsolateral prefrontal cortical hemodynamic response in adult obsessive-compulsive disorder as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy during the verbal fluency task.

Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy has helped our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of psychiatric disorders and has advantages including noninvasiveness, lower cost, and ease of use compared with other imaging techniques, like functional magnetic resonance imaging. The verbal fluency task is the most common and well established task used to assess cognitive activation during near-infrared spectroscopy. Recent functional neuroimaging studies have shown that the orbitofrontal cortex and other brain regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, may play important roles in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Relationship between severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and schizotypy in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Purpose: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients exhibit a noninhibition response pattern very similar to that observed in schizotypy patients in cognitive tasks. It has been suggested that the reduced cognitive inhibition observed in both schizotypy and OCD may result in the frequent entry into awareness of unacceptable urges and intrusive thoughts. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the severity of obsession or compulsion and schizotypy in OCD.

Reduced cortical thickness in non-medicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Increasing evidence suggests the presence of grey matter volume abnormalities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the mediation of the expression of different OCD symptoms by discrete neural systems of the brain. However, limited studies have investigated the abnormalities of cortical thickness, and their results are comparatively inconsistent, possibly owing to the inclusion of medicated patients. Therefore, this study investigated cortical thickness abnormalities using surface-based analysis to identify distinct neural correlates of each symptom dimension in non-medicated patients with OCD.

The neural basis of dysfunctional beliefs in non-medicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Dysfunctional beliefs may contribute to the development and maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) according to some cognitive theories. As little has been investigated about the pathophysiology of dysfunctional beliefs in OCD, this study aimed to determine the anatomical regions that are related to OCD-related dysfunctional beliefs. We first examined 23 non-medicated patients with OCD by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and assessed their dysfunctional beliefs using the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44 (OBQ-44).

Anterior insular volume is larger in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

There has been increasing evidence indicating gray matter abnormalities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Several voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies have reported volume changes in the insular cortex. Although there are distinct differences in the connectivity and functions in the anterior and posterior insular cortices, these two regions have never been distinguished in previous VBM studies.

Diffusion tensor imaging and tract-based spatial statistics in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

There is increasing evidence of white matter abnormalities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The results of previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies, however, are inconsistent. Reasons for this inconsistency may include methodological issues such as misregistration, the differences in smoothing voxel-based morphometry style analysis or both.