Adverse drug reactions of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation and risk factors of the development of adverse drug reactions in superficial cancer and carcinoma in situ of the bladder.

Background: We examined the incidence and severity of adverse drug reactions following intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation for superficial bladder cancer including carcinoma in situ. We investigated the relationship between adverse drug reactions and patient background to clarify risk factors for the development of adverse drug reactions.

Methods: A total of 123 patients who underwent intravesical BCG instillation for treatment and prophylaxis between April 1997 and June 2000 were included in this study.

Syntheses of prostaglandin E2 and E-cadherin and gene expression of beta-defensin-2 by human gingival epithelial cells in response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.

The interaction between epithelial cells and microorganisms is the most important step in bacterial infections. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was suggested to play a significant role in the initiation of periodontitis because of its bacteriological characteristics. Prostaglandins (PG) mediate the inflammatory response.