Ecological interactions between marine RNA viruses and planktonic copepods.

The interactions between zooplankton and viruses, which have been overlooked despite their crucial roles in marine ecosystems, are investigated in the copepod Pseudocalanus newmani. Copepod transcriptome data reveal four novel RNA viruses and weekly zooplankton samplings detect all viruses with different prevalence peaks during low-abundance periods of P. newmani.

Improving taxonomic classification of marine zooplankton by molecular approach: registration of taxonomically verified 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences.

Background: Zooplankton plays an important role in the marine ecosystem. A high level of taxonomic expertise is necessary for accurate species identification based on morphological characteristics. As an alternative method to morphological classification, we focused on a molecular approach using 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences.

Sound properties produced by white-edged rockfish (Sebastes taczanowskii) in relation to body and swim bladder size.

The sound properties produced by the white-edged rockfish (Sebastes taczanowskii Steindachner, 1880) were compared with the body size. We conducted a tank experiment to compare the sound properties with body length, which ranged from 12.4 to 19.

Evaluation of static differential capacitance at the [Cmim][TFSA]/electrode interface using molecular dynamics simulation combined with electrochemical surface plasmon resonance measurements.

Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations have been performed for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([Cmim][TFSA]), an ionic liquid (IL), on a charged graphene electrode to achieve the quantitative analysis of the static differential capacitance using the electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (ESPR). The MD simulations have provided the surface charge density on the electrode and ionic distributions in the electric double layer, both of which are indispensable for the evaluation of static differential capacitance using ESPR but are difficult to be measured by experimental techniques. This approach has allowed the quantitative analysis and explanation of the SPR angle shift in ESPR.

Evolution and Reversible Polarity of Multilayering at the Ionic Liquid/Water Interface.

Highly correlated positioning of ions underlies Coulomb interactions between ions and electrified interfaces within dense ionic fluids such as biological cells and ionic liquids. Recent work has shown that highly correlated ionic systems behave differently than dilute electrolyte solutions, and interest is focused upon characterizing the electrical and structural properties of the dense electrical double layers (EDLs) formed at internal interfaces. It has been a challenge for experiments to characterize the progressive development of the EDL on the nanoscale as the interfacial electric potential is varied over a range of positive and negative values.

An electric double layer structure and differential capacitance at the electrode interface of tributylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide studied using a molecular dynamics simulation.

A molecular dynamics simulation at the electrode interface of a quaternary ammonium ionic liquid, tributylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([N][TFSA]), has been performed. Unlike the commonly used cations, such as 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1,1-alkylmethylpyrrolidinium cations, N has multiple long-alkyl groups (three butyl groups). The behavior of ions at the electrode interface, especially these butyl groups, has been investigated.

Toxic HAB species from the Sea of Okhotsk detected by a metagenetic approach, seasonality and environmental drivers.

During recent decades, the distribution of harmful algal bloom (HAB) species has expanded worldwide together with the increase of blooms and toxicity events. In this study, the presence of toxic HAB species in the Sea of Okhotsk was investigated based on metagenetic data collected during 6 years of weekly monitoring. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with the toxic HAB species were detected based on amplifying 18S V7-V9 and 28S D1 rRNA gene regions.

A relationship between the force curve measured by atomic force microscopy in an ionic liquid and its density distribution on a substrate.

An ionic liquid forms a characteristic solvation structure on a substrate. For example, when the surface of the substrate is negatively or positively charged, cation and anion layers are alternately aligned on the surface. Such a solvation structure is closely related to slow diffusion, high electric capacity, and chemical reactions at the interface.

Comparative study of the validity of three regions of the 18S-rRNA gene for massively parallel sequencing-based monitoring of the planktonic eukaryote community.

The nuclear 18S-rRNA gene has been used as a metabarcoding marker in massively parallel sequencing (MPS)-based environmental surveys for plankton biodiversity research. However, different hypervariable regions have been used in different studies, and their utility has been debated among researchers. In this study, detailed investigations into 18S-rRNA were carried out; we investigated the effective number of sequences deposited in international nucleotide sequence databases (INSDs), the amplification bias, and the amplicon sequence variability among the three variable regions, V1-3, V4-5 and V7-9, using in silico polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification based on INSDs.