Outbreak of High-Risk Clone ST309 Serotype O11 Featuring and .

is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. Biofilm production, antibiotic resistance, and a wide range of virulence factors contribute to their persistence in nosocomial environments. We describe an outbreak caused by a multidrug-resistant strain in an ICU.

Novel Resistance Regions Carrying Tn, , and , Embedded in an IS-Derived Transposon from Two Multi-Resistant Clinical Isolates.

Antibiotic resistance is an alarming problem throughout the world and carbapenem-resistant has been cataloged as critical in the World Health Organization list of microorganisms in urgent need for the development of new antimicrobials. In this work, we describe two novel resistance regions responsible for conferring a multidrug resistance phenotype to two clinical isolates of (Pa873 and Pa6415) obtained from patients hospitalized in the ICU of University Hospital of Uruguay. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using MALDI-TOF and the Vitek 2 system, respectively.

Prevalence and molecular characterisation of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in an outbreak-free setting in a single hospital in Uruguay.

Objectives: This study aimed to characterise all carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria (CPE) isolates obtained from an outbreak-free setting in Uruguay.

Methods: We studied 12 CPE isolated from Hospital de Clínicas between 2012-2016. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using VITEK®2 and Sensititre or agar dilution, respectively.

[Comamonas kerstersii bacteremia in a young man with acute appendicitis].

Comamonas kerstersii is a non-fermenting Gram-negative bacillus. It has been associated with intra-abdominal infections. We describe a clinical case of bacteremia caused by C.

Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotypes and their associated genotypes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a tertiary level public hospital of Uruguay.

This study was undertaken to investigate the resistance phenotypes to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) antibiotics and their associated genotypes in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. We analyzed one hundred, consecutive, non-duplicate isolates (methicillin-susceptible MSSA, n=53 and methicillin-resistant MRSA, n=47) obtained from various clinical samples between July 2012 to December 2013. The resistance profile to MLS antibiotics was determined by phenotypic methods and the resistance genes were detected by PCR assays.

First characterization of K. pneumoniae ST11 clinical isolates harboring bla in Latin America.

Antimicrobial resistance due to carbapenemase production in Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates is a global threat. Klebsiellapneumoniae harboring the bla gene is one of the major concerns in hospital settings in Latin America. The aim of this study was to characterize the antibiotic resistance mechanisms and to typify four carbapenem-resistant K.

Polyclonal Campylobacter fetus Infections Among Unrelated Patients, Montevideo, Uruguay, 2013-2018.

In Montevideo (2013-2018), 8 Campylobacter fetus extraintestinal infections were reported. The polyclonal nature of strains revealed by whole-genome sequencing and the apparent lack of epidemiological links was incompatible with a single contamination source, supporting alternative routes of transmission.

Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the Intensive Care Unit of Uruguay's University Hospital Identifies the First rmtC Gene in the Species.

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections are an increasing concern in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. The combination of carbapenemases and 16S rRNA-methyltransferases (16S-RMTases) further reduces the therapeutic options. OXA-carbapenemase/A.

Detection of qnrVC6, within a new genetic context, in an NDM-1-producing Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate from Uruguay.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterise the mechanisms underlying quinolone and oxyimino-cephalosporin resistance in a Citrobacter freundii clinical isolate obtained from the ICU in a university hospital in Uruguay.

Methods: Citrobacter freundii strain CF638 was isolated from a urine culture. Identification was performed using a VITEK2 system, and antimicrobial susceptibility was established by MIC determination and disk diffusion assay.

Online continuing interprofessional education on hospital-acquired infections for Latin America.

Introduction: Latin America is a large and diverse region, comprising more than 600 million inhabitants and one million physicians in over 20 countries. Resistance to antibacterial drugs is particularly important in the region. This paper describes the design, implementation and results of an international bi-lingual (Spanish and Portuguese) online continuing interprofessional interactive educational program on hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial resistance for Latin America, supported by the American Society for Microbiology.

CTX-M-15 in combination with aac(6')-Ib-cr is the most prevalent mechanism of resistance both in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, including K. pneumoniae ST258, in an ICU in Uruguay.

The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-EcKp) clones circulating in an intensive care unit (ICU) in Uruguay between August 2010 and July 2011, (ii) to characterise the ESBL and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes of the studied isolates and (iii) to determine the virulotype of the clinical isolates. Clinical and gut-colonising ESBL-EcKp from ICU patients were studied. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility determination were performed using a VITEK(®)2 system.

[Infective endocarditis caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathie. Report of one case].

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathie is an immobile, not sporulated, gram positive bacillus. Man is an accidental host. Infection is acquired through wounds on contact with sick animals or carriers, their products or objects contaminated with their waste.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases, transferable quinolone resistance, and virulotyping in extra-intestinal E. coli in Uruguay.

Introduction: To characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Escherichia coli isolates obtained from extra-intestinal samples in three Uruguayan hospitals.

Methodology: Fifty-five ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were studied.

Sepsis caused by New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (blaNDM-1) and qnrD-producing Morganella morganii, treated successfully with fosfomycin and meropenem: case report and literature review.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the microbiological characteristics of an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolate of Morganella morganii obtained from a patient with sepsis of urinary origin and to describe the patient's clinical characteristics. We further aimed to perform a literature review of the situation in Latin America regarding Gram-negative bacillus (GNB) carriers of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) and qnr genes and current reports on the treatment of infections caused by XDR enterobacteria, with particular attention to colistin-resistant isolates.

Methods: The patient's clinical data were obtained from his medical history.

Surgical site infection in surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia: comparison of two skin antiseptics and risk factors.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the second most common type of nosocomial infections in the United States. In Uruguay, the incidence after prostatectomies is 2.6%.

[Risk factors for community-acquired urinary tract infection caused by fluoroquinolone resistant E. coli].

Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are the most widely used drugs for the empirical treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) in Uruguay. The rates of fluoroquinolone resistance are increasing. The objective was to determine the risk factors associated with the development of community-acquired UTI caused by fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (ECRFQ).

First report of a clinical isolate of Leclercia adecarboxylata harbouring multiple resistance genes in Uruguay and review of the literature.

Here we report the detection of a Leclercia adecarboxylata strain, isolated from a case of osteomyelitis, harbouring multiple antibiotic resistance genes encoded on a 450-kb IncHI1/HI2 conjugative plasmid (pLa12). The plasmid carried a complex class 1 integron with the genetic array intI1-aac(6')-Ib-cr-bla-catB3-arr3-qacEΔ1-sul1-ISCR1; in addition, a bla-like allele linked to ampR-qacEΔ1-sul1 as well as bla, bla and qnrB4-like genes were found. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L.

Polyclonal endemicity of Acinetobacter baumannii in ventilated patients in an intensive care unit in Uruguay.

Objectives: To identify the mechanisms responsible for respiratory infections by Acinetobacter baumannii in intubated patients and risk factors for digestive colonization and infection by A. baumannii.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study in an intensive care unit (ICU) between May 2005 and November 2006, including 175 consecutive patients at the beginning of invasive ventilation (day 1).

[Rational use of antibiotics in the Department of Internal Medicine from a university hospital: results of a pilot experience].

Introduction: The programs of rational use of antibiotics are designed to optimize antimicrobial therapy and minimize the emergence of bacterial resistance. In order to optimize the use of antibiotics we implemented an educational program based on the application of a checklist criteria for the rational use of these drugs.

Method: We performed a cohort study unpaired in the Department of Internal Medicine, during three months.