Curative Surgery After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Sigmoid Colon Cancer With Extensive Abdominal Wall Invasion: A Case Report.

Locally advanced colon cancer (LACC) can be cured under an appropriate treatment strategy, but the decision on the treatment strategy is also important in terms of long-term prognosis. In cases with extensive abdominal wall involvement, it is especially important to secure adequate margins and repair abdominal wall defects. Recently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for LACC has shown promise in improving the chance of cure with tumor shrinkage.

[BRCA2 Mutation Profile in a Proband with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer-Two Germline Pathogenic Variants Aligned in the Cis Position].

We report the first Japanese case of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer(HBOC)carrying 2 germline pathogenic variants (GPVs)in the BRCA2 gene. Genetic testing of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes was performed in a young woman with HBOC and 2 GPVs were identified in the BRCA2 gene. Since simultaneous GPVs in both parental alleles(ie, trans)in the BRCA2 gene is diagnostic of Fanconi anemia, which is characterized by bone marrow dysfunction and susceptibility to malignancy, we genetically tested her relatives.

Prospective analysis of the expression status of FGFR2 and HER2 in colorectal and gastric cancer populations: DS-Screen Study.

Purpose: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) proteins are both molecular targets for cancer therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression status of FGFR2 and HER2 in patients with gastric cancer (GC) or colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: Archived tumor tissue samples from patients with histologically-confirmed GC or CRC suitable for chemotherapy were analyzed for FGFR2 and HER2 expression using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (HER2 in CRC only).

Molecular detection and clinicopathological characteristics of advanced/recurrent biliary tract carcinomas harboring the FGFR2 rearrangements: a prospective observational study (PRELUDE Study).

Background: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) rearrangement is expected to be a novel therapeutic target in advanced/recurrent biliary tract cancer (BTC). However, efficient detection and the exact frequency of FGFR2 rearrangements among patients with advanced/recurrent BTC have not been determined, and the clinical characteristics of FGFR2 rearrangement-positive patients have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to determine the frequency of FGFR2 rearrangement-positive patients among those with advanced/recurrent BTC and elucidate their clinicopathological characteristics.

TAS-118 (S-1 plus leucovorin) versus S-1 in patients with gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic cancer: a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study (GRAPE trial).

Background: In our previous randomised phase 2 study for patients with gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic cancer, S-1 plus leucovorin improved progression-free survival compared with S-1 alone. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of TAS-118 (S-1 plus leucovorin) versus S-1 in overall survival (OS).

Patients And Methods: This randomised, open-label, phase 3 study was conducted at 58 centres in Japan and Korea.

Impact of UGT1A1 genetic polymorphism on toxicity in unresectable pancreatic cancer patients undergoing FOLFIRINOX.

Studies have indicated an association between UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-1A1 (UGT1A1) genetic polymorphisms and irinotecan-induced toxicity. We undertook this study to investigate the association between UGT1A1 genetic polymorphisms and toxicity in patients treated with the FOLFIRINOX (comprising oxaliplatin, irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin) chemotherapy regimen in the JASPAC 06 study. Patients screened for UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A1*28, and treated with either the original FOLFIRINOX (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m , irinotecan 180 mg/m , leucovorin 200 mg/m , bolus 5-fluorouracil [5-FU] 400 mg/m , and continuous 5-FU 2400 mg/m ) or a modified FOLFIRINOX (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m , irinotecan 150 mg/m , leucovorin 200 mg/m , and continuous 5-FU 2400 mg/m ) as first-line chemotherapy were included.

Nationwide Multicenter Observational Study of FOLFIRINOX Chemotherapy in 399 Patients With Unresectable or Recurrent Pancreatic Cancer in Japan.

Objectives: FOLFIRINOX (oxaliplatin, irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin) is the standard therapy worldwide for unresectable pancreatic cancer; however, clinical data for Japanese patients are limited. Therefore, the observational study of FOLFIRINOX for patients with pancreatic cancer was conducted.

Methods: The study included 399 patients with unresectable or recurrent pancreatic cancer, from 27 institutions in Japan, treated with FOLFIRINOX and surveyed until December 2015.

Subgroup analyses of the safety and efficacy of ramucirumab in Japanese and Western patients in RAINBOW: a randomized clinical trial in second-line treatment of gastric cancer.

Background: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of ramucirumab plus paclitaxel versus placebo plus paclitaxel in patients previously treated for advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma in Japanese and Western subgroups from the RAINBOW trial.

Methods: Patients received ramucirumab at 8 mg/kg or placebo (days 1 and 15) plus paclitaxel at 80 mg/m(2) (days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle). End points were compared between treatment arms within Japanese (N = 140) and Western (N = 398) populations.

Ultrasound-guided vs endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for pancreatic cancer diagnosis.

Aim: To clarify the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PC).

Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic PC between February 2006 and September 2011 were selected for this retrospective study. FNA biopsy for pancreatic tumors had been performed percutaneously under extracorporeal ultrasound guidance until October 2009; then, beginning in November 2009, EUS-FNA has been performed.

Clinical outcome of biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice caused by colorectal and gastric cancers.

Objective: To clarify the prognostic factors for patients with obstructive jaundice due to advanced colorectal and gastric cancers who had undergone percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage.

Methods: Baseline variables and clinical outcomes were evaluated for 92 consecutive patients treated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage.

Results: Of the 92 patients, 32 (35%) had colorectal cancer and the remaining 60 (65%) had gastric cancer.

A transcatheter arterial chemotherapy using a novel lipophilic platinum derivative (miriplatin) for patients with small and multiple hepatocellular carcinomas.

Background/purpose: Miriplatin is a platinum complex developed to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through administration into the hepatic artery as a sustained-release formulation suspended in lipiodol. A single-institute pilot study was conducted to investigate the antitumor efficacy of miriplatin infusion therapy for small and multiple HCCs.

Materials And Methods: Small HCCs sized 2 cm or less, judged to be inadequate for curative treatment, were indicated for transcatheter arterial miriplatin infusion therapy.

Outcomes and tolerability of systemic chemotherapy for pancreatic or biliary cancer patients aged 75 years or older.

Background: The incidence of pancreatic or biliary tract cancer is increasing in our aging population, but little is known of treatment outcomes in elderly patients with pancreatic or biliary tract cancer.

Patients And Methods: Patients with pancreatic or biliary tract cancer who received chemotherapy in our institute between September 2007 and August 2009 were retrospectively reviewed to compare treatment outcomes between the elderly (aged 75 years or older) and the younger patients. Data were collected of patient backgrounds, adverse events and dose intensity within the first two cycles and overall survival time.

Portal hemodynamics and clinical outcomes of patients with gastric varices after balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration.

Background: Long-term hemodynamic effects and clinical outcomes after balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term clinical results and effects on portal hemodynamics after B-RTO for the treatment of gastric varices with spontaneous gastrorenal shunt.

Methods: A total of 21 patients with cirrhosis and gastric varices treated by B-RTO were evaluated.

Three cases of angiomyolipoma: diagnostic imaging by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.

We used contrast-enhanced ultrasound using the Sonazoid microbubble contrast agent to diagnose three cases of hepatic angiomyolipoma, which is a rare benign tumor. Some characteristic findings are obtained in the early vascular phase, for example fork-like tumor vessels. However, a variety of findings are seen after the early vascular phase because of microbubbles circulating the vascular enriched tumor.

The usefulness of endoscopic transpapillary procedure in post-cholecystectomy bile duct stricture and post-cholecystectomy bile leakage.

This study was conducted to examine the usefulness of endoscopic transpapillary procedure in post-cholecystectomy bile duct stricture and postcholecystectomy bile leakage. Endoscopic transpapillary procedure was performed in 18 cases of post-cholecystectomy bile duct stricture and 6 cases of post-cholecystectomy bile leakage. In the bile duct stricture cases, the patients were assessed for the stricture by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), and then underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) for tube stent insertion.

Long-term prognosis of patients with endoscopically treated postoperative bile duct stricture and bile duct stricture due to chronic pancreatitis.

Aim: To compare the outcome of endoscopic therapy for postoperative benign bile duct stricture and benign bile duct stricture due to chronic pancreatitis, including long-term prognosis.

Methods: The subjects were 20 patients with postoperative benign bile duct stricture and 13 patients with bile duct stricture due to chronic pancreatitis who were 2 years or more after initial therapy. The patients underwent transpapillary drainage with tube exchange every 3 to 6 months until being free from the tube.

Is ERCP really necessary in case of suspected spontaneous passage of bile duct stones?

Aim: To investigate the usefulness of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and the need for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in cases of suspected spontaneous passage of stones into the common bile duct.

Methods: Thirty-six patients with gallbladder stones were clinically suspected of spontaneous passage of stones into the common bile duct because they presented with clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain and fever, and showed signs of inflammatory reaction and marked rise of hepatobiliary enzymes. These symptoms resolved and they showed normalized values of blood biochemical parameters after conservative treatment without evidence of stones in the common bile duct on MRCP.

A new approach for diagnosis of hepatolithiasis: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: potential usefulness of dehydrocholic acid (DHCA) administration in the evaluation of hepatolithiasis.

Background/aims: The aim of this study was to investigate whether exogenous dehydrocholic acid (DHCA) was useful to enhance the delineation of hepatolithiasis.

Methodology: Our study population comprised 9 patients. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was acquired before and after the administration of DHCA.

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: potential usefulness of dehydrocholic acid (DHCA) administration in the evaluation of biliary disease.

Background/aims: The aim of this study was to investigate whether exogenous dehydrocholic acid (DHCA) was useful to enhance the delineation of the biliary tree.

Methodology: Our study population comprised 14 patients. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was acquired before and after the administration of DHCA.

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: potential usefulness of dehydrocholic acid (DHCA) administration in the evaluation of anastomotic site.

Background/aims: The aim of this study was to investigate whether exogenous dehydrocholic acid (DHCA) was useful to enhance the delineation of anastomotic site.

Methodology: DHCA is a cholagogue which produces an immediate effect by acting directly on liver cells. Its choleretic effect is strong, appearing 1 to 3 minutes after intravenous injection, reaching the maximum level in 20 to 30 minutes.