Publications by authors named "Seiga Komiyama"
Article Synopsis
- Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) act as barriers to protect against harmful substances and bacteria; when these barriers are weakened, it can lead to leaky gut syndrome (LGS), which may be linked to autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.* -
- Researchers created mice lacking the Ap1m2 protein to study the effects of impaired intestinal barrier integrity, observing that these mice developed signs similar to IgA nephropathy (IgAN), including abnormal immune complex accumulation in their kidneys.* -
- The study found that the lack of Ap1m2 led to changes in how IgA antibodies are processed and increased gut microbiota imbalances, with antibiotic treatment reducing harmful IgA levels, suggesting a connection between LGS and
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining epithelial barrier function. Although multiple studies have demonstrated the significance of dietary factors on the gut microbiota and mucosal barrier function, the impact of a purified diet, which has long been used in various animal experiments, on intestinal homeostasis remains to be elucidated. Here, we compared the impact of two different types of diets, a crude diet and an AIN-93G-formula purified diet, on epithelial integrity and the gut microbiota.
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- - Peyer's patches (PPs) are important gut tissues that trigger the immune response to substances from both beneficial microbes and pathogens by producing immunoglobulin A (IgA), which helps maintain gut health and fight infections.
- - Antidiabetic drugs known as α-glucosidase inhibitors (α-GIs), like voglibose and acarbose, modify the gut microbiota and have been shown to enhance the immune response by increasing the production of immune cells related to IgA in mice.
- - This study suggests that α-GIs can boost specific IgA responses, particularly against pathogens like Typhimurium, indicating their potential use as an enhancer for mucosal vaccines.
Article Synopsis
- * In a mouse model of allergic rhinitis, LBI reduced allergy symptoms by decreasing the production of allergen-specific IgE and affecting germinal center reactions in lymph nodes.
- * The study suggests that LBI's antiallergic effects are linked to higher serum iodine levels, which induce ferroptosis (a type of cell death) in activated B cells by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), potentially leading to reduced allergic reactions.
Article Synopsis
- - Food allergies involve an immune response led by mast cells and specific antibodies (IgE), but the role of the transcription factor Spi-B in this process is not well understood.
- - Research found that mice lacking Spi-B were more prone to food allergies, showing severe symptoms like diarrhea and increased IgE levels, linked to more mast cells in their intestines.
- - The absence of Spi-B also led to greater intestinal permeability and difficulty in developing tolerance to food allergens, indicating Spi-B's role in protecting against food allergies by regulating mast cell activation and promoting immune tolerance.
Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer that results from chronic hepatitis caused by multiple predisposing factors such as viral infection, alcohol consumption, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Accumulating studies have indicated that dysfunction of the gut epithelial barrier and hepatic translocation of gut microbes may be implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC.
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- * Fasting significantly reduces lymphocyte count (about 50%) in Peyer's patches but allows for restoration after refeeding, although the composition of these immune cells changes.
- * Fasting disrupts the production of antigen-specific IgA and tolerance, leading to worse reactions to food antigens, highlighting the importance of nutrition in gut immune balance.