Analyzing Secondary Cancer Risk: A Machine Learning Approach.

Objective: Addressing the rising cancer rates through timely diagnosis and treatment is crucial. Additionally, cancer survivors need to understand the potential risk of developing secondary cancer (SC), which can be influenced by several factors including treatment modalities, lifestyle choices, and habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption. This study aims to establish a novel relationship using linear regression models between dose and the risk of SC, comparing different prediction methods for lung, colon, and breast cancer.

Quantification of the Most Effective X-Ray Dosage for Inhibiting Invasion of Glioma Cell Line.

Background: One key feature that distinguishes cancerous cell populations from their normal counterparts is a heightened tendency towards uncontrolled growth and invasive activity. Therapeutic techniques like radiotherapy can impact the viability and invasive behavior of cancer cells by modifying the structure of DNA and inducing programmed cell death.

Methods: This research is an experimental study and involved a comprehensive investigation into the effects of 6MV X-ray radiotherapy on various absorbed doses (ranging from 4 to 10 Gy by steps 2Gy) on toxicity, migration, and colony formation in C6 glioblastoma cellular cultures.

The role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pulmonary fibrosis: lessons from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19.

Despite the tremendous advancements in the knowledge of the pathophysiology and clinical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, still many issues remain unanswered, especially in the long-term effects. Mounting evidence suggests that pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is one of the most severe complications associated with COVID-19. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms behind its development is helpful to develop successful therapeutic strategies.

Utilizing patient data: A tutorial on predicting second cancer with machine learning models.

Background: The article explores the potential risk of secondary cancer (SC) due to radiation therapy (RT) and highlights the necessity for new modeling techniques to mitigate this risk.

Methods: By employing machine learning (ML) models, specifically decision trees, in the research process, a practical framework is established for forecasting the occurrence of SC using patient data.

Results & Discussion: This framework aids in categorizing patients into high-risk or low-risk groups, thereby enabling personalized treatment plans and interventions.

Targeting Caspases 3/6 and Cathepsins L/B May Decrease Laminopathy-Induced Apoptosis in Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Laminopathy is a pathological manifestation observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD), leading to neuronal apoptosis.

Objective: Our objective was to assess inhibitors of enzymes involved in laminopathy.

Methods: The mRNA expression of the cathepsins L and B, caspases 3 and 6, lamins b1 and b2, granzymes A and B, and lamins A and C were extracted and analyzed from GSE5281 and GSE28146 datasets.

Clues of HLAs, metabolic SNPs, and epigenetic factors in T cell-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions.

Drug hypersensitivities are common reactions due to immunologic responses. They are of utmost importance because they may generate severe and fatal outcomes. Some drugs may cause Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), such as drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs), which can occur due to the interaction of intact drugs or their metabolites with Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs) and T cell receptors (TCRs).

Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins 3 and 5 Potentially Delineate Polarization of Th cells in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory condition classified into chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Th cells manage inflammatory cells in CRS. Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) proteins regulate Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway in Th cells by polarizing toward Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells.

The interaction of inflammasomes and gut microbiota: novel therapeutic insights.

Inflammasomes are complex platforms for the cleavage and release of inactivated IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines that trigger inflammatory responses against damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining gut homeostasis. Inflammasome activation needs to be tightly regulated to limit aberrant activation and bystander damage to the host cells.

A Historical Overview of the Neurological Disorders Associated with Gastrointestinal Ailments from the Viewpoint of Avicenna.

Reviewing historical medical manuscripts shows that neurological disorders have been previously described in the Islamic Golden Age. Ibn Sina, also known as Avicenna (980-1037 AD), was one of the most renowned scientists during this period. He widely practiced medicine, especially those disorders related to neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry in conventional medicine.

Underlying mechanisms behind the neuroprotective effect of vanillic acid against diabetes-associated cognitive decline: An in vivo study in a rat model.

Hippocampal synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss play critical roles in the pathophysiology of diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD). The study aimed to investigate the effects of vanillic acid (VA), a phenolic compound, against DACD and explore the potential underlying mechanisms. Following confirmation of diabetes, rats were treated with VA (50 mg/kg/day; P.

Detection of different variants of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (genome) on inanimate surfaces in high-touch public environmental surfaces.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease started in late 2019 and still continues as a global pandemic, spreading among people around the world. There is limited knowledge about the role of contaminated environmental surfaces, especially high-touch public surfaces, in the transmission of the disease. The objective of the present investigation was detection of different variants (Delta, UK, and Omicron) of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (genome) on inanimate surfaces in high-touch public environmental surfaces in different seasons.

Impact of modifiable risk factors on prediction of 10-year cardiovascular disease utilizing framingham risk score in Southwest Iran.

Background: This cohort study was conducted to examine the association between modifiable risk factors, including hypertension, smoking, physical activity, diabetes, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein with Framingham risk score in the prediction of 10-year-risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) between men and women in an Arab community of Southwest Iran, Hoveyzeh.

Materials And Methods: A total of 8,526 people aged 35-70 participated in this cohort study. Framingham was used to estimate the 10-year risk of CVD.

Breast cancer tumor microenvironment affects Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis: Molecular and therapeutic perspectives.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises a variety of immune cells, among which T cells exert a prominent axial role in tumor development or anti-tumor responses in patients with breast cancer (BC). High or low levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β, in the absence or presence of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), delineate the fate of T cells toward either regulatory T (Treg) or T helper 17 (Th17) cells, respectively. The transitional state of RORγtFoxp3 Treg (IL-17-producing Treg) resides in the middle of this reciprocal polarization, which is known as Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis.

Renal-Type Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate: A Rare Case Report.

Occurrence of clear cell carcinoma of the prostate is exceedingly rare and presents a diagnostic dilemma. We describe a case of a 47-year-old male nonsmoker, who presented with a history of frequency, dribbling urination, and dysuria for 6 months. In a digital rectal exam, enlarged prostate with a hard consistency was identified.

The Effect of Long-Term Iron Chelator Therapy on Serum Levels of Hepcidin and Ferritin in Patients with Thalassemia Major and Intermediate.

Serum hepcidin is a good predictor of iron overload compared with serum ferritin. However, serum hepcidin levels may change under different conditions. The current study aims to determine the role of long-term iron chelator therapy on serum levels of hepcidin and ferritin in patients with thalassemia major (TM) and intermediate (TI).

Endothelin-1 Stimulates PAI-1 Protein Expression via Dual Transactivation Pathway Dependent ROCK and Phosphorylation of Smad2L.

Objective: In addition to the carboxy region, Smad2 transcription factor can be phosphorylated in the linker region as
well. Phosphorylation of Smad2 linker region (Smad2L) promotes the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type
1 (PAI-1) which leads to cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of dual transactivation of EGF and TGF-β receptors in phosphorylation of Smad2L and protein expression of PAI-1 induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1) in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs).

The Effectiveness of Oral Immunotherapy in Patients with Sesame Anaphylaxis using Omalizumab.

Objective: Sesame allergy is the most prevalent allergy to seeds. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is defined as continuous consumption of an allergen at special doses and time. Omalizumab (Anti-IgE) increases tolerance to allergens used in OIT.

Comparison of circulating miR-148a and miR-126 with autoantibodies as biomarkers of lupus nephritis in patients with SLE.

Lupus nephritis (LN) is the main manifestation of systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and autoantibodies could be suitable candidate biomarkers of LN. This study evaluates the expression of circulating miR-148a and miR-126 along with anti-dsDNA, anti-C1q, and anti-C3b autoantibodies in SLE patients with LN (SLE + LN).

Quercetin as a JAK-STAT inhibitor: a potential role in solid tumors and neurodegenerative diseases.

The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is involved in many immunological processes, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. Some of these processes can contribute to cancer progression and neurodegeneration. Owing to the complexity of this pathway and its potential crosstalk with alternative pathways, monotherapy as targeted therapy has usually limited long-term efficacy.

Essential Transcription Factors and Functional Roles of Follicular Helper T Cells ‎in Human Autoimmune Diseases.

Follicular helper T (TFH) cells are a subset of effector CD4+ T cells that support the differentiation of antigen-specific B cells in the germinal center. TFH cells are distinct from other established CD4+ T cell subsets and possess a list of transcription factors, including BCL6, IRF4, c-Maf, Batf, NFAT1-2, and STAT3. The mentioned factors direct several activities such as cell differentiation, migration to the follicles, cell-to-cell interaction, as well as cell programming.

Air Surveillance for Viral Contamination with SARS-CoV-2 RNA at a Healthcare Facility.

The transmission pathway of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 also called COVID-19 disease) in indoor environments are the main area of contention between health systems and scientists. In this context, little has been investigated about the collection of airborne viral shedding. Here, we collected air samples from 24 locations inside the sole COVID-19 patient care center in Zabol, Iran, for screening SARS-CoV-2 RNA from March to May 2021.

Endothelin-1 dependent expression of GAG genes involves NOX and p38 mediated Smad linker region phosphorylation.

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis and mediates glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain hyperelongation on proteoglycans. Our aim was to identify the ET-1-mediated signalling pathway involving NADPH oxidase (NOX), p38 MAP kinsae and Smad2 linker region phosphorylation (phospho-Smad2L) regulate GAG synthesising enzymes mRNA expression (C4ST-1 and ChSy1) involved in GAG chains hyperelongation in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Signalling intermediates were detected and quantified by Western blotting and the mRNA levels of GAG synthesising enzymes were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

The effect of resistance training on serum levels of sex hormones and sperm quality in male rats under X-ray radiation.

Objectives: The present study aims to investigate the effects of resistance training on sex hormones and sperm parameters in male rats under X-ray.

Methods: In this experimental study, 24 Sprague Dawley rats (200-250 g) were randomly assigned into four groups: healthy control, irradiated control, healthy training and irradiated training. Irradiation was induced at a dose of 4 Gy on the whole body.

Heterotopic gestation in polycystic ovary disease: Termination of tubal pregnancy and intrauterine pregnancy progressing to term.

Heterotopic pregnancy is rare. We report a 27-year-old lady with polycystic ovarian disease. She presented at our health facility with acute abdomen.