The majority of piriformis muscles are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.

The piriformis muscle is clinically implicated in pain disorders, posterior approaches for total hip arthroplasty, and iatrogenic injury to the muscle and the surrounding nerves. The piriformis muscle has been said to receive innervation from L5 to S3 ventral rami with most sources using S1 and S2 ventral rami as the most common innervation this muscle. However, descriptions of the nerve in the literature are vague.

Clinical anatomy of pelvic pain in women: A Gynecological Perspective.

Pelvic pain is a common symptom that affects women worldwide and usually presents with variable range of severity, duration, and location. Several gynecological conditions may result in pelvic pain, and may have a variable presentation among patients. Pelvic pain creates a significant challenge and frustration to both patients and clinicians, which also creates a significant burden on the economy.

Bifid Xiphoid Process: Case Report and Review.

The xiphoid process is a bony process that comprises part of the sternum. This anatomical structure exhibits several morphological variations, which may complicate diagnostic examinations and invasive thoracic procedures. Variations include bifurcated or trifurcated, deflected, and curved processes.

Ventral and dorsal tethering bands of the spinal cord in the same patient: a case report.

Fibrous bands are one of the causes of tethered cord syndrome and these can be located on the dorsal or more rarely, ventral aspect of the dura mater. We report a case of dorsal and ventral tethering bands in the same patient found at surgery for tethered cord syndrome. Such fibrous bands restrict normal movement of the spinal cord and lead to a variety of neurological symptoms.

Superior Hypogastric Plexus and Its Surgical Implications During Spine Surgery: A Review.

The superior hypogastric plexus (SHP) is a complex nervous collection located at the lumbosacral region below the level of the aortic bifurcation. As a part of the autonomic nervous system, it is an extension of the preaortic plexuses and continues bilaterally as the hypogastric nerves that ultimately contribute to the inferior hypogastric plexus. Although commonly described as a plexiform structure, several morphologic variations exist.

Correction to: Ventriculosubgaleal shunting-a comprehensive review and over two-decade surgical experience.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error.

Comprehensive Review of the Cardinal Ligament.

The cardinal ligament is thought to be one of the important structures in providing support and stabilization for the pelvic organs e.g., the uterus.

Pelvic Kidney: A Review of the Literature.

Kidney development is a complex process that begins during the sixth to eighth weeks of life. Failure of ascent of the kidney will cause the kidney to remain in the pelvis i.e.

Ventriculosubgaleal shunting-a comprehensive review and over two-decade surgical experience.

Introduction: The subgaleal space is the fibroareolar layer found between the galea aponeurotica and the periosteum of the scalp. Due to its elastic and absorptive capabilities, the subgaleal space can be used as a shunt to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles. A subgaleal shunt consists of a shunt tube with one end in the lateral ventricles while the other end is inserted into the subgaleal space of the scalp.