Current strategies using 3D organoids to establish maternal-embryonic interaction.

Importance: The creation of robust maternal-embryonic interactions and implantation models is important for comprehending the early stages of embryonic development and reproductive disorders. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems often fail to accurately mimic the highly complex conditions. The employment of three-dimensional (3D) organoids has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these limitations in recent years.

Relevance of multilamellar and multicompartmental vesicles in biological fluids: understanding the significance of proportional variations and disease correlation.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered significant interest in the field of biomedical science due to their potential applications in therapy and diagnosis. These vesicles participate in cell-to-cell communication and carry a diverse range of bioactive cargo molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. These cargoes play essential roles in various signaling pathways, including paracrine and endocrine signaling.

Potential roles of extracellular vesicles as a noninvasive tool for prenatal genetic diagnosis.

The rate of infertility is increasing owing to genetic and environmental factors. Consequently, assisted reproductive technology has been introduced as an alternative. Bearing in mind the global trend toward the transfer of only one embryo, there is an increasing trend for assessing embryo quality before transfer through prenatal genetic diagnosis (PGD) tests.