Aging and Cancer-Inextricably Linked Across the Lifespan.

Aging (as old man wind) alters the trajectory of cancer (dangerous seas) through changes in the immune system and metabolism (among many others), leading to altered cancer epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic responses, as represented by the research areas (boats)-artwork by Michael DeGregori.

tinyHLS: a novel open source high level synthesis tool targeting hardware accelerators for artificial neural network inference.

Objective: In recent years, wearable devices such as smartwatches and smart patches have revolutionized biosignal acquisition and analysis, particularly for monitoring electrocardiography (ECG). However, the limited power supply of these devices often precludes real-time data analysis on the patch itself.

Approach: This paper introduces a novel Python package, tinyHLS (High Level Synthesis), designed to address these challenges by converting Python-based AI models into platform-independent hardware description language (HDL) code accelerators.

Characteristics of Patients With Asymptomatic Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Stroke-Insights From the GLORIA-AF Registry (Phase 2).

Background: Asymptomatic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is often suspected in patients with cryptogenic stroke which constitute 20%-30% of ischemic strokes. Detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) and treatment with anticoagulation can reduce the risk of stroke. We sought to investigate the prevalence of asymptomatic atrial fibrillation (aAF) in patients with a history of stroke or an acute stroke on admission.

Technical survey of end-to-end signal processing in BCIs using invasive MEAs.

Modern brain-computer interfaces and neural implants allow interaction between the tissue, the user and the environment, where people suffer from neurodegenerative diseases or injuries.This interaction can be achieved by using penetrating/invasive microelectrodes for extracellular recordings and stimulation, such as Utah or Michigan arrays. The application-specific signal processing of the extracellular recording enables the detection of interactions and enables user interaction.

Leveraging 3D convolutional neural network and 3D visible-near-infrared multimodal imaging for enhanced contactless oximetry.

Significance: Monitoring oxygen saturation ( ) is important in healthcare, especially for diagnosing and managing pulmonary diseases. Non-contact approaches broaden the potential applications of measurement by better hygiene, comfort, and capability for long-term monitoring. However, existing studies often encounter challenges such as lower signal-to-noise ratios and stringent environmental conditions.

Label-Free, Impedance-Based Biosensor for Kidney Disease Biomarker Uromodulin.

We demonstrate the development of a label-free, impedance-based biosensor by using a passivation layer of 50-nm tantalum pentoxide (TaO) on interdigitated electrodes (IDE). This layer was fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and has a high dielectric constant (high-κ), which improves the capacitive property of the IDE. We validate the biosensor's performance by measuring uromodulin, a urine biomarker for kidney tubular damage, from artificial urine samples.

A Cell-Type Selective Stimulation and Recording System for Retinal Ganglion Cells.

Future retinal implants will require a stimulation selectivity between different sub-types of Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs) to evoke natural perceptions rather than phosphenes in patients. To achieve this, a cell-type specific stimulation pipeline is required that identifies target RGC sub-types from recorded input images and extracts the specific stimulation parameters to activate this cell-type selectively. Promising biological experiments showed that ON-/OFF- sustained/transient RGCs could be selectively activated by modulating repetition rate and amplitude of an electrical stimulation current in the kilohertz range.

Current methods for contactless optical patient diagnosis: a systematic review.

Many countries around the world face a shortage of medical personnel, leading to work overload or even burnout. This calls for political and scientific solutions to relieve the medical personnel. The measurement of vital signs in hospitals is still predominately carried out manually with traditional contact-based methods, taking over a substantial share of the medical personnel's workload.

Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-Based Determination of Fractional Contributions from Mixed Fluorophores using Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements.

Here we present an artificial neural network (ANN)-approach to determine the fractional contributions P from fluorophores to a multi-exponential fluorescence decay in time-resolved lifetime measurements. Conventionally, P are determined by extracting two parameters (amplitude and lifetime) for each underlying mono-exponential decay using non-linear fitting. However, in this case parameter estimation is highly sensitive to initial guesses and weighting.

Real-World Data for Interdisciplinary Health Care Research: A Case Example.

Real-word data (RWD) refer to data relating to patient health status and/or the delivery of health care routinely collected from a variety of sources, including electronic health records, medical claims data, and patient-generated data. Data sets that combine personal health data stored in different sources can provide a more complete picture of an individual's health and can be used to improve population health through research and practice. The 2-tiered aim of this article is to provide a brief introduction to using RWD in health care research and to present a case study that demonstrates data curation and data merge from different sources while highlighting the benefits and limitations of using RWD.

Design of Hardware Accelerators for Optimized and Quantized Neural Networks to Detect Atrial Fibrillation in Patch ECG Device with RISC-V.

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common heart arrhythmias. It is known to cause up to 15% of all strokes. In current times, modern detection systems for arrhythmias, such as single-use patch electrocardiogram (ECG) devices, have to be energy efficient, small, and affordable.

Mindful Movement Intervention Applied to at Risk Urban School Children for Improving Motor, Cognitive, and Emotional-Behavioral Regulation.

Objectives: Preliminary evidence has supported the notion that mindful movement-based practices may offer benefits for self-regulation, particularly for vulnerable children. However, this evidence has principally stemmed from subjective assessments of behavioral change, leaving the underlying mechanisms undetermined. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of an in-school mindful movement intervention (MMI) for at-risk children within an urban public school for enhancing motor, cognitive, and emotional-behavioral regulation, including control of disruptive and inattentive behaviors characteristic of ADHD.

High Sensitivity Near-Infrared Imaging of Fluorescent Nanosensors.

Biochemical processes are fast and occur on small-length scales, which makes them difficult to measure. Optical nanosensors based on single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are able to capture such dynamics. They fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR, 850-1700 nm) tissue transparency window and the emission wavelength depends on their chirality.

Evaluating the Impact of a Mobile Integrated Health‒Community Paramedicine Program on Health-Related Social Needs and Hospital Readmissions.

Objective: Evaluate a mobile integrated health-community paramedicine program's effect on addressing health-related social needs and their association with hospital readmissions.

Methods: This observational study enrolled 1,003 patients from 5/4/2018-7/23/21. Descriptive statistics summarize social needs.

Single-cell resolved ploidy and chromosomal aberrations in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-(NASH) induced hepatocellular carcinoma and its precursor lesions.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its precursor, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are an unmet health issue due to widespread obesity. We assessed copy number changes of genes associated with hepatocarcinogenesis and oxidative pathways at a single-cell level. Eleven patients with NASH-HCC and 11 patients with NAFLD were included.

Depth-Based Measurement of Respiratory Volumes: A Review.

Depth-based plethysmography (DPG) for the measurement of respiratory parameters is a mobile and cost-effective alternative to spirometry and body plethysmography. In addition, natural breathing can be measured without a mouthpiece, and breathing mechanics can be visualized. This paper aims at showing further improvements for DPG by analyzing recent developments regarding the individual components of a DPG measurement.

Evaluating Social Determinants of Health in a Mobile Integrated Healthcare-Community Paramedicine Program.

In 2018, the University of Maryland Medical Center and the Baltimore City Fire Department implemented a community paramedicine program to help medically or socially complex patients transition from hospital to home and avoid hospital utilization. This study describes how patients' social determinants of health (SDoH) needs were identified, and measures the association between needs and hospital utilization. SDoH needs were categorized into ten domains.

Engineered red blood cells (activating antigen carriers) drive potent T cell responses and tumor regression in mice.

Activation of T cell responses is essential for effective tumor clearance; however, inducing targeted, potent antigen presentation to stimulate T cell responses remains challenging. We generated Activating Antigen Carriers (AACs) by engineering red blood cells (RBCs) to encapsulate relevant tumor antigens and the adjuvant polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), for use as a tumor-specific cancer vaccine. The processing method and conditions used to create the AACs promote phosphatidylserine exposure on RBCs and thus harness the natural process of aged RBC clearance to enable targeting of the AACs to endogenous professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) without the use of chemicals or viral vectors.

Advantages and Limitations of Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements Using Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) Array Detector: A Comprehensive Theoretical and Experimental Study.

Fast fluorescence lifetime (FL) determination is a major factor for studying dynamic processes. To achieve a required precision and accuracy a certain number of photon counts must be detected. FL methods based on single-photon counting have strongly limited count rates because of the detector's pile-up issue and are suffering from long measurement times in the order of tens of seconds.

Genomic Surveillance of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Reveals Spread of a Linear Plasmid Conferring a Nutrient Utilization Advantage.

Healthcare-associated outbreaks of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) are a worldwide problem with increasing prevalence. The genomic plasticity of this hospital-adapted pathogen contributes to its efficient spread despite infection control measures. Here, we aimed to identify the genomic and phenotypic determinants of health care-associated transmission of VREfm.

Development of an academic-practice partnership model to anchor care coordination and population health.

The National Academy of Medicine's The Future of Nursing 2020-2030 recommends the expansion of the role of nurses throughout the continuum of health care in an effort to improve the health of the nation while decreasing costs. To accomplish this goal, nursing students and nurses must be well prepared to perform at their highest capacity to meet health care demands. Currently the U.

Analysis of Readmissions in a Mobile Integrated Health Transitional Care Program Using Root Cause Analysis and Common Cause Analysis.

Mobile integrated health and community paramedicine (MIH-CP) programs are gaining popularity in the United States as a strategy to address the barriers to healthcare access and appropriate utilization. After one year of operation, leadership of Baltimore City's MIH-CP program was interested in understanding the circumstances surrounding readmission for enrolled patients and to incorporate quality improvement tools to direct program development. Retrospective chart review was performed to determine preventable versus unpreventable readmissions with a hypothesis that deficits in social determinants of health would play a more significant role in preventable readmissions.

Specific Risk Factors for Fatal Outcome in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: Results from a European Multicenter Study.

(1) Background: The aim of our study was to identify specific risk factors for fatal outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients. (2) Methods: Our data set consisted of 840 patients enclosed in the LEOSS registry. Using lasso regression for variable selection, a multifactorial logistic regression model was fitted to the response variable survival.