Delivery Methods of Radiopharmaceuticals: Exploring Global Strategies to Minimize Occupational Radiation Exposure.

In the world of nuclear medicine, health care professionals face the challenge of safeguarding themselves and their patients from occupational radiation exposure. As the field experiences exponential growth, driven by the surge in approvals of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, it becomes vital to delve into the delivery methods of radiopharmaceuticals. Health care professionals take precautions during radiopharmaceutical administration, including maintaining distance from radioactive sources, using shielding, limiting exposure time, and monitoring radiation levels with badges.

Evaluation of a Tube Voltage-Based Contrast Media Adaptation in Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Using Personalized Triphasic Injection Protocols: A Matched Case-Control Study.

Rationale And Objectives: Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) has recently been established as a first-line test in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Due to the increased use of CCTA, strategies to reduce radiation and contrast medium (CM) exposure are of high importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of automated tube voltage selection (ATVS)-adapted CM injection protocol for CCTA compared to a clinically established triphasic injection protocol in terms of image quality, radiation exposure, and CM administration MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients undergoing clinically indicated CCTA were prospectively enrolled from July 2021 to July 2023.

Iopromide for Contrast-Enhanced Mammography: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pertinent Literature.

Background: Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) is an emerging breast imaging modality. Clinical data is scarce.

Objectives: To summarize clinical evidence on the use of iopromide in CEM for the detection or by systematically analyzing the available literature on efficacy and safety.

Developments in X-Ray Contrast Media and the Potential Impact on Computed Tomography.

Over the past 120 years, continuous developments in medical imaging has improved diagnosis and treatment for many diseases and has thereby improved treatment outcome and quality of life of many patients. The number of computed tomography (CT) examinations is today increasing by 4% per year worldwide, for a total of approximately 300 million CT scans per year. About 40% of CT scans are contrast enhanced.

Contrast timing in computed tomography: effect of different contrast media concentrations on bolus geometry.

Objective: To assess the effect of low-osmolar, monomeric contrast media with different iodine concentrations on bolus shape in aortic CT angiography.

Materials And Methods: Repeated sequential computed tomography scanning of the descending aorta of eight beagle dogs (5 male, 12.7±3.

Perfusion-weighted map and perfused blood volume in comparison with CT angiography source imaging in acute ischemic stroke different sides of the same coin?

Rationale And Objectives: Computed tomography angiography source imaging (CTA-SI) in acute ischemic stroke improves detection rate and estimation of extent of cerebral infarction. This study compared the new components color-coded perfusion weighted map (PWM) and color-coded perfused blood volume (PBV) derived from CTA data with CTA-SI for the visualization of cerebral infarction.

Materials And Methods: Fifty patients (women = 30; mean age = 74.

Prospective study of access site complications of automated contrast injection with peripheral venous access in MDCT.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to prospectively assess the frequency and type of IV injection site complications associated with high-flow power injection of nonionic contrast medium in MDCT.

Subjects And Methods: Contrast-enhanced (300-370 mg iodine/mL) MDCT examinations with high flow rates (up to 8 mL/s) using automatic CT injectors were performed according to standardized MDCT protocols. The location, type, and size (16-24 gauge) of IV catheters and volumes, iodine concentration, and flow rates of contrast medium were documented.

Bone subtraction CTA for transcranial arteries: intra-individual comparison with standard CTA without bone subtraction and TOF-MRA.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of bone subtraction computed tomography angiography (BS-CTA) for the assessment of transcranial arteries in comparison with standard CTA (S-CTA) without bone removal and time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA).

Materials And Methods: Cranial unenhanced CT and S-CTA were performed in 53 patients with suspected cerebrovascular disease. BS-CTA datasets were reconstructed from the S-CTA and unenhanced CT source images.

Biphasic contrast medium injection in cardiac CT: moderate versus high concentration contrast material at identical iodine flux and iodine dose.

Objective: To prospectively investigate the influence of contrast material concentration on enhancement in cardiac CT by using a biphasic single-injection protocol.

Methods: Sixty-four-row multidetector cardiac CT angiography was performed in 159 patients randomised to a moderate or high contrast medium concentration. Contrast material injection included a first phase for enhancement of the coronary arteries and a second phase, at half the iodine flux, targeted at enhancement of the right ventricle.

Intra-individual comparison of different contrast media concentrations (300 mg, 370 mg and 400 mg iodine) in MDCT.

Objective: To compare intra-individual contrast enhancement in multi-detector-row computed tomography (MDCT) using contrast media (CM) containing 300, 370 and 400 mg iodine per ml (mgI/ml).

Methods: Six pigs underwent repeated chest MDCT using three different CM (iopromide 300, iopromide 370, iomeprol 400). An identical iodine delivery (IDR) rate of 1.

Whole brain perfused blood volume CT: visualization of infarcted tissue compared to quantitative perfusion CT.

Rationale And Objectives: This study determines the value of whole brain color-coded three-dimensional perfused blood volume (PBV) computed tomography (CT) for the visualization of the infarcted tissue in acute stroke patients.

Materials And Methods: Nonenhanced CT (NECT), perfusion CT (PCT), and CT angiography (CTA) in 48 patients with acute ischemic stroke were performed. Whole brain PBV was calculated from NECT and CTA data sets using commercial software.

Dual energy CTA of the supraaortic arteries: technical improvements with a novel dual source CT system.

Objectives: Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is a well-accepted imaging modality to evaluate the supraaortic vessels. Initial reports have suggested that dual energy CTA (DE-CTA) can enhance diagnosis by creating bone-free data sets, which can be visualized in 3D, but a number of limitations of this technique have also been addressed. We sought to describe the performance of DE-CTA of the supraaortic vessels with a novel dual source CT system with special emphasis on image quality and post-processing related artifacts.

Ultra-fast carotid CT-angiography: low versus standard volume contrast material protocol for a 128-slice CT-system.

Objectives: Noninvasive imaging is increasingly accepted for the evaluation of atherosclerotic disease of the carotid arteries. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of a low-contrast media volume protocol for carotid computed tomography angiography (CTA) using a 128-slice-spiral-computed tomography scanner with a gantry rotation time of 300 milliseconds.

Methods And Materials: Thirty consecutive patients underwent CTA for the evaluation of the carotid vessels, with a 128-section scanner.

Contrast enhancement in chest multidetector computed tomography: intraindividual comparison of 300 mg/ml versus 400 mg/ml iodinated contrast medium.

Rationale And Objectives: We sought to intraindividually compare intravascular contrast enhancement in multidector computed tomography (MDCT) of the chest using contrast media (CM) containing 300 and 400 mg iodine/ml.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-one patients underwent repeated MDCT scanning of the chest at baseline and follow-up. CM with standard iodine (protocol A: 300 mg iodine/ml; Iopromide 300) and high iodine concentration (protocol B: 400 mg iodine/ml; Iomeprol 400) were used.

Comparison between a linear versus a macrocyclic contrast agent for whole body MR angiography in a clinical routine setting.

Background: Previous experiences of whole body MR angiography are predominantly available in linear 0.5 M gadolinium-containing contrast agents. The aim of this study was to compare image quality on a four-point scale (range 1-4) and diagnostic accuracy of a 1.

Retention of iodine and expression of biomarkers for renal damage in the kidney after application of iodinated contrast media in rats.

Objective: Commercially available iodinated contrast media (CM) show significantly different physico-chemical properties. The relevance of the viscosity of CM may be underestimated as a contributing factor for clinically relevant renal failure as suggested by a large registry data analysis (Swedish registry study). The objective of this preclinical study is to assess differences of a low and high-viscous CM regarding their retention time in the kidney.

Assessment of the tolerance dose of the hepatic reticulo-endothelial system (RES) after single fraction HDR-irradiation: an in-vivo study employing SSPIO.

Purpose: To prospectively assess a dose-response relationship for the hepatic reticulo-endothelial system (RES) after small volume single fraction irradiation of liver parenchyma in vivo.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five liver tumors were treated by computed tomography (CT)-guided interstitial brachytherapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed 1 day before and 3 days, 6, 12 and 24 weeks after therapy.

Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) evaluation of myocardial viability: intraindividual comparison of monomeric vs. dimeric contrast media in a rabbit model.

To evaluate the influence of different types of iodinated contrast media on the assessment of myocardial viability, acute myocardial infarction (MI) was surgically induced in six rabbits. Over a period of 45 min, contrast-enhanced cardiac MDCT (64 x 0.6 mm, 80 kV, 680 mAs(eff.

Which Iodine concentration in chest CT?--a prospective study in 300 patients.

In computed tomography (CT) several contrast media with different iodine concentrations are available. The aim of this study is to prospectively compare contrast media with iodine concentrations of 300, 370 and 400 mg iodine/ml for chest- CT. 300 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled, under a waiver of the local ethics committee.

Intraindividual comparison of contrast media concentrations for combined abdominal and thoracic MDCT.

Objective: The purpose of this study was an intraindividual comparison of the degrees of MDCT contrast enhancement achieved with agents containing 300 and 370 mg I/mL.

Subjects And Methods: Seventy-five patients underwent baseline and follow-up MDCT of the chest and abdomen with contrast media containing a high concentration of iodine (iopromide 370 mg I/mL) and standard iodine concentration (iopromide 300 mg I/mL). The total iodine load (37 g) and the iodine delivery rate (1.

A new invasion score for determining the resectability of pancreatic carcinomas with contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography.

Objective: It was the aim of this study to evaluate a new infiltration score to determine the resectability of pancreatic carcinomas in preoperative planning.

Materials And Methods: Eighty patients with suspected pancreatic tumor were examined prospectively using 16-row spiral CT. The scans were evaluated for the presence of pancreatic carcinoma, peripancreatic tumor extension and vascular invasion using a standardized questionnaire.

MDCT angiography of the pulmonary arteries: intravascular contrast enhancement does not depend on iodine concentration when injecting equal amounts of iodine at standardized iodine delivery rates.

To compare the impact of iodine concentration using two different contrast materials (CM) at standardized iodine delivery rate (IDR) and overall iodine load in 16-multidetector-row-CT-angiography (MDCTA) of the pulmonary arteries of 192 patients with known or suspected pulmonary embolism. One hundred three patients (group A) received 148 ml of a CM containing 300 mg iodine/ml (Ultravist 300, BayerScheringPharma) at a flow rate of 4.9 ml/s.

Accuracy of perfusion-CT in predicting malignant middle cerebral artery brain infarction.

Background: We performed a prospective study on patients with middle cerebral artery(MCA) ischemic stroke to evaluate the accuracy of perfusion-CT imaging(PCT) to predict the development of malignant brain infarction (MBI).

Methods: 106 patients(women 37 %, mean age 65 years)underwent native cranial computed tomography (CCT), CT angiography(CTA) and PCT after a median of 2 h after stroke onset. We assessed the patency of the MCA and the area of tissue ischemia (AIT)according to cerebral blood flow(CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV) and time-to-peak (TTP)maps.

Contrast enhancement in multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) of the abdomen: intraindividual comparison of contrast media containing 300 mg versus 370 mg iodine per ml.

The purpose of this study was to intraindividually evaluate the difference in intraluminal vessel and parenchyma contrast enhancement of two different iodine concentrations in multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) of the abdomen. Eighty-three patients underwent baseline and follow-up MDCT-scanning (Somatom Sensation 16; Siemens, Forchheim, Germany) of the abdomen using contrast media containing 370 mg iodine/ml (protocol A; Ultravist 370, Bayer Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany) and 300 mg iodine/ml (protocol B; Ultravist 300). The total iodine load (37 g iodine) and the iodine delivery rate (1.