Ammonium and nitrate in ice accretions and snow at two Central European montane locations: δN and δ [Formula: see text] isotope ratios, fluxes and sources.

In many countries worldwide, NO emissions currently decrease as a result of pollution control, while NH emissions stagnate or continue to increase. Little is known about horizontal deposition of NO and NH, the oxidation/neutralization products of these primary pollutants. To close the knowledge gap, we studied atmospheric inputs of NO and NH at two mountain-top sites near the Czech-German-Polish borders during winter.

Regional and seasonal drivers of metals and PAHs concentrations in road dust and their health implications in the Czech Republic.

While car exhaust emissions in the EU are clearly decreasing, the future of non-exhaust emissions looks more pessimistic. The relative importance of the latter is thus expected to increase in terms of air quality and human health. The aim of the study was to assess regional and seasonal differences in the chemical composition of road dust across the Czech Republic and the health impact of its resuspension, with special respect to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals.

Dynamics of bio-based carbon dioxide removal in Germany.

Bio-based carbon dioxide removal encompasses a range of (1) natural sink enhancement concepts in agriculture and on organic soils including peatlands, and in forestry, (2) bio-based building materials, and (3) bioenergy production with CO capture and storage (BECCS). A common database on these concepts is crucial for their consideration in strategies and implementation. In this study, we analyse standardised factsheets on these concepts.

Assessing exposure to household air pollution in children under five: A scoping review.

Understanding the differences in the approaches used to assess household air pollution (HAP) is crucial for evaluating HAP-related health effects and interpreting the effectiveness of stove-fuel interventions. Our review aims to understand how exposure to HAP from solid fuels was measured in epidemiological studies in children under five. We conducted a search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Global Health Library, Web of Science, and CINAHL to identify English-language research articles published between January 1, 2000 and April 30, 2022.

Video education to facilitate patient outreach about living kidney donation: A proof of concept.

Background: Increasing living-donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) requires education of transplant candidates and their social network. This pre-post study tested the feasibility and acceptability of KidneyTIME, an intervention which leverages LDKT video-based educational content designed for sharing.

Methods: Adult kidney candidates undergoing transplant evaluation/re-evaluation and their caregivers at a single transplant center viewed different sets of KidneyTIME videos prior to evaluation.

Development of the living donation and kidney transplantation information made easy (KidneyTIME) educational animations.

Background: Current web-based educational approaches about living kidney donation (LKD) are complex, lengthy, and/or text-laden, which may impair accurate interpretation of information, thereby limiting kidney transplant access.

Purpose: This paper describes the process of developing animation-based LKD education designed to be suitable for and acceptable to kidney transplant candidates and their support networks.

Methods: Based on formative work, early animation prototypes were designed by a transplant surgeon and a health communication expert.

Health Literacy and Income Mediate Racial/Ethnic Asthma Disparities.

Background: Health literacy and socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with both race/ethnicity and asthma outcomes. The extent to which health literacy and SES mediate racial/ethnic asthma disparities is less clear.

Objective: To determine if health literacy and SES mediate racial/ethnic asthma disparities using advanced mediation analyses.

Patient and Physician Perspectives on Treating Tobacco Dependence in Hospitalized Smokers With Substance Use Disorders: A Mixed Methods Study.

Objective: Individuals with substance use disorders have a high prevalence of smoking cigarettes. Hospitalization represents an opportunity to deliver concurrent treatment for tobacco and other substances. Using a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, we characterized practices and perspectives of patients and physicians about smoking cessation counseling during inpatient addiction medicine consultations.

Development and psychometric assessment of a novel survey to measure care coordination from the specialist's perspective.

Objective: To develop an online survey of care coordination with primary care providers as experienced by medical specialists, evaluate its psychometric properties, and test its construct validity.

Data Sources: Physicians (N = 633) from 13 medical specialties across the Veterans Health Administration.

Study Design: We developed the survey based on prior work (literature review, specialist interviews) and by adapting existing measures and developing new items.

Perceived barriers to quitting cigarettes among hospitalized smokers with substance use disorders: A mixed methods study.

Aims: Smoking cessation may promote long-term recovery in patients with substance use disorders (SUD). Yet smoking rates remain alarmingly high in this population. Using a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach, we examined smoking rates among hospitalized patients with SUD at a large safety-net hospital, and then characterized factors associated with smoking behaviors both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Association of Dialysis Duration With Outcomes After Kidney Transplantation in the Setting of Long Cold Ischemia Time.

Background: There is no mechanism that matches hard-to-place kidneys with the most appropriate candidate. Thus, unwanted kidney offers are typically to recipients with long renal replacement time (vintage) which is a strong risk factor for mortality and graft failure, and in combination with prolonged cold ischemia time (CIT), may promote interactive effects on outcomes.

Methods: Consecutive adult isolated kidney transplants between October 2015 and December 2017 were stratified by vintage younger than 1 year and CIT longer than 30 hours.

Employee Perceptions of Safety, Health, and Well-Being: Focus Group Findings From One Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Objective: Focus groups were conducted at one veterans affairs (VA) medical center to understand (1) how the work environment and conditions of work influence employee safety, health, and well-being; (2) what programs, policies, and practices promote and protect employee safety and health in VA; and (3) how employee safety, health, and well-being impact the organizational mission.

Methods: Nine focus groups were conducted with leadership, supervisor, and frontline employees. Focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed, and content analysis was performed.

Pertechnetate-Induced Addition of Sulfide in Small Olefinic Acids: Formation of [TcO(dimercaptosuccinate)] and [TcO(mercaptosuccinate)] Analogues.

Technetium-99 (Tc) is important to the nuclear fuel cycle as a long-lived radionuclide produced in ∼6% fission yield from U or Pu. In its most common chemical form, namely, pertechnetate (TcO), it is environmentally mobile. In situ hydrogen sulfide reduction of pertechnetate has been proposed as a potential method to immobilize environmental TcO that has entered the environment.

Biomass responses in a temperate European grassland through 17 years of elevated CO.

Future increase in atmospheric CO concentrations will potentially enhance grassland biomass production and shift the functional group composition with consequences for ecosystem functioning. In the "GiFACE" experiment (Giessen Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment), fertilized grassland plots were fumigated with elevated CO (eCO ) year-round during daylight hours since 1998, at a level of +20% relative to ambient concentrations (in 1998, aCO was 364 ppm and eCO 399 ppm; in 2014, aCO was 397 ppm and eCO 518 ppm). Harvests were conducted twice annually through 23 years including 17 years with eCO (1998 to 2014).

National Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Obese Adults.

Introduction: Obesity is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly among men. The purpose of this study was to characterize the prevalence of guideline-adherent CRC screening among obese adults using nationally representative data, assess trends in screening strategies, and identify obesity-specific screening barriers.

Methods: Data from 8,550 respondents aged 50-75 years in the 2010 National Health Interview Survey, representing >70 million adults, were analyzed in 2015 using multivariable logistic regression.

Perineal evisceration secondary to a bite injury in a dog with an untreated perineal hernia.

Emergency surgery was performed on a 6-year-old castrated male springer spaniel dog with evisceration of most of the small intestinal tract through the perineal region, secondary to a dog attack. This is the first report describing successful treatment of perineal evisceration secondary to dog attack at an untreated perineal hernia, employing abdominal and perineal approaches.

Perioperative morbidity and outcome of esophageal surgery in dogs and cats: 72 cases (1993-2013).

OBJECTIVE To evaluate perioperative morbidity and outcome in dogs and cats undergoing esophageal surgery. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 63 client-owned dogs and 9 client-owned cats.

Evaluation of the role of the cyclooxygenase signaling pathway during inflammation in skin and muscle tissues of ball pythons (Python regius).

OBJECTIVE To determine degrees of production of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 and other mediators of inflammation in noninflamed and inflamed skin and muscle tissues in ball pythons (Python regius). ANIMALS 6 healthy adult male ball pythons. PROCEDURES Biopsy specimens of noninflamed skin and muscle tissue were collected from anesthetized snakes on day 0.

Effect of laser treatment on first-intention incisional wound healing in ball pythons (Python regius).

Objective: To evaluate effects of laser treatment on incisional wound healing in ball pythons (Python regius).

Animals: 6 healthy adult ball pythons.

Procedures: Snakes were sedated, a skin biopsy specimen was collected for histologic examination, and eight 2-cm skin incisions were made in each snake; each incision was closed with staples (day 0).

Disease Burden in the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Findings From a Time-and-Motion Study.

Purpose: To examine the time burden of managing neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) imposed on physicians, staff, patients, and caregivers.

Design: Mixed-methods, prospective, observational time-and-motion study.

Methods: The multicenter study was conducted from March 2011 through August 2012.

Molecular Detection of Leptospira in Two Returned Travelers: Higher Bacterial Load in Cerebrospinal Fluid Versus Serum or Plasma.

Leptospirosis is a potentially severe illness in returned travelers. Patients often present with fever, headache, and neck pain, which may lead to a workup for meningitis including the acquisition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although Leptospira DNA has been detected in CSF by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), little data exist regarding the utility of testing CSF in addition to serum or plasma obtained on presentation.

Relationship between insulin resistance and amino acids in women and men.

Insulin resistance has been associated with higher plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations, but majority of studies have used indirect measures of insulin resistance. Our main objective was to define the relationship between plasma AA concentrations and a direct measure of insulin resistance in women and men. This was a cross-sectional study of 182 nondiabetic individuals (118 women and 64 men) who had measurement of 24 AAs and steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration (insulin resistance) using the insulin suppression test.

Evaluation of a semiquantitative SNAP test for measurement of bile acids in dogs.

Background. Serum bile acids (SBA) are used as a routine screening tool of liver function in dogs. Serum samples are usually shipped to a referral laboratory for quantitative analysis with an enzymatic chemistry analyzer.

The mitochondrial RNA landscape of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Mitochondria are essential organelles that harbor a reduced genome, and expression of that genome requires regulated metabolism of its transcriptome by nuclear-encoded proteins. Despite extensive investigation, a comprehensive map of the yeast mitochondrial transcriptome has not been developed and all of the RNA-metabolizing proteins have not been identified, both of which are prerequisites to elucidating the basic RNA biology of mitochondria. Here, we present a mitochondrial transcriptome map of the yeast S288C reference strain.